Nokea
A home care nurse administers oral morphine to the patient with cancer pain. When will the nurse expect the medication to reach peak activity?
- A. 45 minutes.
- B. 10 minutes.
- C. 30 minutes.
- D. 60 minutes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 45 minutes. Oral morphine typically reaches peak activity within 30-60 minutes after administration due to its absorption rate. After ingestion, the medication passes through the stomach and intestines before entering the bloodstream, which takes time. Choice B (10 minutes) is too soon for peak activity. Choice C (30 minutes) is close but not the peak time frame. Choice D (60 minutes) is too late for peak activity.
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What drug would the nurse administer to treat a patient diagnosed with bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Glycopyrrolate.
- B. Ipratropium.
- C. Atropine.
- D. Flavoxate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ipratropium. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that helps relax the muscles in the airways, making it effective in treating bronchospasm in COPD. Glycopyrrolate (A) is also an anticholinergic but not commonly used for bronchospasm. Atropine (C) is not typically used for COPD-related bronchospasm. Flavoxate (D) is a urinary antispasmodic and not indicated for bronchospasm.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who will be going home on cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) prescribed for his acute musculoskeletal pain. The nurse will stress that the patient should avoid what?
- A. Taking antihistamines.
- B. Taking antiemetics.
- C. Taking antibiotics.
- D. Drinking alcohol.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drinking alcohol. Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant that can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Alcohol can intensify these side effects, leading to impaired coordination and judgment. This can increase the risk of accidents and falls. It is important for the patient to avoid alcohol while taking cyclobenzaprine to prevent these adverse effects.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because there are no known interactions between cyclobenzaprine and antihistamines, antiemetics, or antibiotics that would pose a significant risk to the patient. It is essential to focus on the potential interactions that can have serious consequences, such as alcohol with cyclobenzaprine.
The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old patient who has just begun taking a Thiazide diuretic to treat hypertension. What is an important aspect of care for this patient?
- A. Providing a low potassium diet.
- B. Encouraging increased fluid intake.
- C. Initiating a fall risk protocol.
- D. Increasing exercise and activity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Initiating a fall risk protocol. This is important because Thiazide diuretics can lead to electrolyte imbalances, particularly low sodium and potassium levels, which can increase the risk of falls in elderly patients. Initiating a fall risk protocol involves assessing the patient's risk factors for falls, implementing appropriate safety measures, and monitoring the patient closely to prevent falls. Providing a low potassium diet (choice A) is not necessary as Thiazide diuretics can actually lead to low potassium levels. Encouraging increased fluid intake (choice B) is important but not specific to the potential side effects of Thiazide diuretics. Increasing exercise and activity (choice D) is beneficial for overall health but not directly related to the side effects of Thiazide diuretics in this scenario.
When taking a medication history on a patient, why should the nurse ask about complementary or alternative therapies?
- A. Many drug alternative therapy interactions can cause serious problems.
- B. Natural products may be more effective, and the prescribed drugs may not be needed.
- C. Patients starting on new drugs are usually not compliant with medical regimes.
- D. The cost of the drug and the alternative therapy may be too expensive for the patient to handle.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because many complementary or alternative therapies can interact with prescribed medications, leading to serious adverse effects or reduced efficacy. By asking about these therapies, the nurse can identify potential interactions and prevent harm to the patient. Choice B is incorrect because natural products can also have interactions and may not always be more effective. Choice C is irrelevant to the question as it pertains to medication adherence, not interactions. Choice D focuses on cost, which is not directly related to the potential harm from interactions.
What action does the nurse take during the intervention stage of the nursing process related to drug therapy? (Select all that apply)
- A. Analyze the data collected.
- B. Collect a nursing history.
- C. Determine medication effectiveness.
- D. Document the medication.
- E. Administer the medication.
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: During the intervention stage of the nursing process related to drug therapy, the nurse's actions include determining medication effectiveness (C) to ensure the treatment is achieving its intended outcomes. Documenting the medication (D) is crucial for maintaining accurate records of administration and monitoring. Administering the medication (E) is essential for providing the prescribed treatment to the patient. Analyzing data (A) is typically done during the assessment phase, not the intervention phase. Collecting a nursing history (B) is part of the assessment phase. Other choices are not directly related to the intervention stage of drug therapy.