Nokea
A patient calls the nurse practitioner and states that he missed his morning daily dose of warfarin, 5 mg, yesterday and today. The nurse practitioner instructs the patient to:
- A. Wait until tomorrow and resume daily dosing of warfarin 5 mg
- B. Take warfarin 10 mg now
- C. Take warfarin 5 mg now, warfarin 5 mg at 5 pm today, and resume the daily warfarin 5 mg dose in the morning as scheduled
- D. Take warfarin 5 mg now and resume the warfarin 5 mg daily dose in the morning as scheduled
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient should resume the usual warfarin dose and avoid doubling it.
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Which of the following is a typical sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- A. Excessive urination
- B. Ketone bodies in the urine
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Slow heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis often results in the presence of ketone bodies in the urine, along with hyperglycemia.
Which pathogen is associated with common urinary tract infections?
- A. E. coli
- B. Klebsiella
- C. Streptococcus
- D. Proteus mirabilis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: E. coli is the most common pathogen responsible for urinary tract infections.
What specific part of the eye is primarily examined using an ophthalmoscope?
- A. Cornea
- B. Lens
- C. Retina
- D. Iris
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An ophthalmoscope is used to examine the retina, which includes the optic disc and blood vessels.
Rapid Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing would be appropriate for a patient with complaints of:
- A. Painful bowel movement, anal itching, and painful or swollen testicles or abnormal menstrual bleeding
- B. Painful urination, dyspareunia, and vaginal or penile discharge
- C. Fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acute HIV symptoms may include fever, headache, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy.
The nurse is assessing a client with diabetes and notes that the client has a strong odor of acetone on their breath. What action should the nurse take next?
- A. Check the client’s blood glucose level.
- B. Offer the client a glass of water.
- C. Assess the client's urine for signs of infection.
- D. Administer insulin immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The acetone odor on the breath is a sign of ketosis, which may indicate that the client’s blood glucose is elevated. Immediate blood glucose monitoring is needed.