Nokea
A patient is diagnosed with histoplasmosis and will begin taking ketoconazole. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?
- A. Take the medicine twice daily
- B. Take the medication with food
- C. You may consume small amounts of alcohol
- D. You will not need lab tests while taking this drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ketoconazole absorption improves with food; it's once daily, and alcohol or no labs are incorrect. Ketoconazole should be taken with food.
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Which of the following shows high first pass metabolism:
- A. Propranolol
- B. Phenobarbitone
- C. Phenylbutazone
- D. Phenytoin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.
The pharmacology students are learning about antibiotics that are known to cause photosensitivity in some patients. What nursing measures would ensure the comfort of patients taking these antibiotics and hopefully avoid serious adverse effects?
- A. Avoiding the use of aspirin and other over-the-counter pain products
- B. Getting a wig or other head cover to avoid heat loss
- C. Avoiding exposure to sunlight or use of a sunscreen and protective clothing if exposure is inevitable
- D. Providing frequent rest periods in a dark room
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Photosensitivity from antibiotics increases sunburn risk; avoiding sunlight or using protection prevents serious skin reactions.
Dwayne has recently started on carbamazepine to treat seizures. He comes to see you and you note that while his carbamazepine levels had been in the therapeutic range, they are now low. The possible cause for the low carbamazepine levels include:
- A. Dwayne hasn't been taking his carbamazepine because it causes insomnia.
- B. Carbamazepine auto-induces metabolism, leading to lower levels in spite of good compliance.
- C. Dwayne was not originally prescribed the correct amount of carbamazepine.
- D. Carbamazepine is probably not the right antiseizure medication for Dwayne.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbamazepine induces its own metabolism (auto-induction), reducing levels over time.
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for Buspirone to treat Anxiety. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication on an empty stomach
- B. Expect optimal therapeutic effects within 24 hr.
- C. Take this medication when needed for anxiety
- D. This medication has a low risk for dependency.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Buspirone has a low dependency risk , unlike benzodiazepines; it takes weeks to work, not PRN.
A nurse is administering digoxin to a patient. To administer medications so that the drug is as effective as possible, the nurse needs to consider what?
- A. Peak plasma level
- B. Half-life
- C. Drug interactions
- D. Timing of administration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To maximize digoxin's effectiveness, the nurse must consider timing of administration to align with therapeutic levels and avoid toxicity, especially given its narrow therapeutic index. Peak plasma level, half-life, and drug interactions are factors, but timing is critical for efficacy.