Nokea
A patient on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypomagnesemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, increases potassium excretion, leading to hypokalemia as a common electrolyte imbalance.
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A genetic variation in how the metabolite of the cancer drug irinotecan SN-38 is inactivated by the body may lead to:
- A. Decreased effectiveness of irinotecan in the treatment of cancer
- B. Increased adverse drug reactions, such as neutropenia
- C. Delayed metabolism of the prodrug irinotecan into the active metabolite SN-38
- D. Increased concerns for irinotecan being carcinogenic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: UGT1A1 mutations slow SN-38 inactivation, raising neutropenia risk , not affecting efficacy or activation .
Which topical antifungal medication is used to treat vaginal candidiasis?
- A. Haloprogin (Halotex)
- B. Miconazole (Monistat)
- C. Oxiconazole (Oxistat)
- D. Terbinafine HCl (Lamisil)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Miconazole is a standard topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis; others target skin infections. Topical miconazole is used to treat vaginal candidiasis.
In response to the patient's question about how to know whether drugs are safe, the nurse explains that all medications undergo rigorous scientific testing controlled by what organization?
- A. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- B. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
- C. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- D. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The FDA is responsible for controlling and regulating the development and sale of drugs in the United States, allowing new drugs to enter the market only after being subjected to rigorous scientific testing. The DEA regulates and controls the use of controlled substances. The CDC monitors and responds to infectious diseases. The JCAHO is an accrediting body that inspects acute care facilities to ensure minimum standards are met.
Six-year-old Lucy has recently been started on ethosuximide (Zarontin) for seizures. She should be monitored for:
- A. Increased seizure activity, as this drug may auto-induce seizures
- B. Altered renal function, including renal failure
- C. Blood dyscrasias, which are uncommon but possible
- D. Central nervous system excitement, leading to insomnia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ethosuximide can rarely cause blood dyscrasias, requiring monitoring.
The current recommended first line treatment of severe malaria in Kenya is?
- A. Quinine
- B. Fansidar
- C. Artescinate
- D. Artemether - lumefantrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Artesunate (often misspelled as Artescinate) is the recommended first-line treatment for severe malaria in Kenya per WHO and national guidelines, administered IV or IM, followed by oral therapy.