A patient presents with abdominal pain that is initially periumbilical but over time moves to the right lower quadrant are This pain is most likely due to:
- A. Appendicitis.
- B. Crohn's disease.
- C. Cholecystitis.
- D. Diverticulitis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Appendicitis typically presents with pain that starts around the umbilicus and then shifts to the right lower quadrant, where the appendix is located.
You may also like to solve these questions
The finger-like extensions inside the small intestine are called _____ and increase the surface area.
- A. microvilli
- B. villi
- C. lacteals
- D. lumens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: villi. Villi are finger-like projections inside the small intestine that increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. They contain blood vessels and lacteals. Microvilli (A) are tiny projections on the surface of villi that further increase surface area. Lacteals (C) are lymphatic vessels within villi that absorb fats. Lumens (D) refer to the inner space of a tubular structure and are not the finger-like extensions inside the small intestine.
A large number of children at a public school have developed profuse diarrhea and bloody stools. The school nurse suspects food poisoning related to food from the school cafeteria and requests analysis and culture of which food?
- A. Chicken
- B. Ground beef
- C. Commercially canned fish
- D. Salads with mayonnaise dressing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ground beef is commonly associated with foodborne illnesses caused by E. coli, which can result in bloody diarrhea.
The most common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (hematemesis or melena) is:
- A. esophageal varices
- B. gastric carcinoma
- C. peptic ulcer
- D. gastritis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are a common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to erosion of the stomach lining. The acidic environment in the stomach can lead to ulcer formation. Esophageal varices are associated with liver cirrhosis, not a common cause of hemorrhage. Gastric carcinoma may cause bleeding but is less common than peptic ulcers. Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining and can cause bleeding but is not as common as peptic ulcers.
Chewing or mastication reflex originates in the ______ and the ability to initiate or stop chewing originates in the ______.
- A. pons; cerebrum.
- B. medulla oblongata; cerebrum.
- C. spinal cord; medulla oblongata.
- D. medulla oblongata; midbrain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The chewing reflex originates in the medulla oblongata, which controls basic life functions like breathing and swallowing. The ability to voluntarily initiate or stop chewing comes from the cerebrum, the part of the brain responsible for conscious thoughts and movements. The pons (choice A) is involved in regulating breathing, not chewing. The spinal cord (choice C) is responsible for reflex actions but not specifically chewing. The midbrain (choice D) is more related to sensory processing and motor function, not chewing reflex. Therefore, the correct answer is B based on the roles of the medulla oblongata and cerebrum in chewing.
Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called _ which allows the surface area to _.
- A. Crypt, Increase
- B. Rugae, Increase
- C. Rugae, Decrease
- D. Crypt, Decrease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rugae, Increase. Rugae are folds in the mucosa of the stomach that allow for expansion of the stomach when food is ingested, increasing the surface area for digestion and absorption. Rugae help in mixing and breaking down food efficiently.
Explanation:
1. Rugae are specifically found in the stomach to increase surface area for digestion.
2. The folds of rugae help in stretching the stomach to accommodate food intake.
3. Increased surface area aids in better absorption of nutrients.
4. Crypts are invaginations in the mucosa but not related to increasing surface area.
5. Option C and D are incorrect because rugae actually increase, not decrease, the surface area of the stomach.