ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet

ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet Related

Review ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet related questions and content

A protective response to Leishmania parasites is most likely to occur when:

  • A. Activated Th cells differentiate into Th1 effectors that secrete IL-4 required to induce secretion of appropriate antibody isotypes
  • B. Activated Th cells differentiate into Th2 effectors that secrete IL-4 required to activate macrophages
  • C. Activated Th cells differentiate into Th1 effectors that secrete IFNγ required to activate macrophages
  • D. Either a Th1- or a Th2-mediated response occurs
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in response to Leishmania parasites, the activation of Th cells into Th1 effectors that secrete IFNγ is crucial for activating macrophages to eliminate the intracellular parasites. IFNγ enhances the microbicidal activity of macrophages, helping to control the infection.

Choice A is incorrect because IL-4 is not required to induce the appropriate antibody response against Leishmania parasites.

Choice B is incorrect because Th2 effectors secreting IL-4 would not activate macrophages effectively against Leishmania, which is an intracellular pathogen.

Choice D is incorrect because in the case of Leishmania, a Th1-mediated response is most effective due to the need for macrophage activation by IFNγ.

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What is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?

  • A. Shifting of bicarbonate into cells in exchange for chloride
  • B. Kidney conservation of bicarbonate and excretion of hydrogen ions
  • C. Deep,rapid respirations (Kussmaul respirations) to increase CO2 excretion
  • D. Decreased respiratory rate and depth to retain CO2 and kidney excretion of bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To compensate for metabolic alkalosis, the body decreases respiratory rate to retain CO2 and excretes bicarbonate via kidneys.

Which opportunistic disease associated with AIDS is characterized by hyperpigmented lesions of skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal (GI) tract?

  • A. Kaposi sarcoma
  • B. Candida albicans
  • C. Herpes simplex type 1 infection
  • D. Varicella-zoster virus infection
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Kaposi sarcoma is a tumor associated with AIDS and manifests as hyperpigmented lesions on the skin, lungs, and GI tract.

In a patient with sodium imbalances, the primary clinical manifestations are related to alterations in what body system?

  • A. Kidneys
  • B. Cardiovascular system
  • C. Musculoskeletal system
  • D. Central nervous system
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sodium imbalances primarily affect the central nervous system because sodium plays a critical role in maintaining normal neuronal function and osmotic balance in brain cells.

What treatment is commonly used for anaphylaxis?

  • A. Antihistamines only
  • B. Epinephrine
  • C. Corticosteroids only
  • D. Antibiotics
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epinephrine. Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it rapidly reverses the symptoms by constricting blood vessels, relaxing airway muscles, and increasing heart rate. It is crucial in preventing severe complications and can be life-saving. Antihistamines (choice A) only target histamine effects, which are not sufficient in managing anaphylaxis. Corticosteroids (choice C) are used as adjunct therapy but are not as immediate or critical as epinephrine. Antibiotics (choice D) are not indicated for anaphylaxis treatment. Therefore, epinephrine is the most appropriate choice for managing anaphylaxis effectively.

What distinguishes Type V hypersensitivity from Type II?

  • A. It is mediated by T cells
  • B. Antibodies stimulate receptors instead of destroying them
  • C. It involves immune complex formation
  • D. It does not involve the immune system
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because Type V hypersensitivity involves antibodies stimulating receptors instead of destroying them. In Type II hypersensitivity, antibodies target antigens on cell surfaces, leading to cell destruction. In Type V, antibodies bind to cell receptors, causing abnormal receptor activation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Type V hypersensitivity is not mediated by T cells (A), does not involve immune complex formation (C), and does involve the immune system (D). Therefore, the unique characteristic of Type V hypersensitivity is the stimulation of receptors by antibodies, making choice B the correct answer.

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