ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet

ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet Related

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The nurse is performing morning care for a patient who sustained a fractured pelvis and bilateral femur fractures yesterday in a motorcycle collision. The patient complains of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals audible wheezes and oxygen saturation of 76%. What action should the nurse take first?

  • A. Establish a peripheral intravenous (IV) line.
  • B. Inform the charge nurse.
  • C. Explain the patient's change in status to his family.
  • D. Raise patient to high Fowler position.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: The patient complains of shortness of breath and has audible wheezes, indicating potential respiratory distress.
Step 2: Oxygen saturation of 76% is critically low and requires immediate intervention.
Step 3: Raising the patient to a high Fowler position helps improve lung expansion and oxygenation.
Step 4: This action takes priority to improve the patient's breathing and oxygen saturation levels.
Summary: A is incorrect as establishing an IV line is not the immediate priority. B is incorrect as informing the charge nurse delays direct patient care. C is incorrect as addressing the family is secondary to addressing the patient's urgent needs.

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What accurately describes passive acquired immunity (select all that apply)?

  • A. Pooled gamma globulin
  • B. Immunization with antigen
  • C. Temporary for several months
  • D. Immediate, lasting several weeks
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Passive acquired immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as pooled gamma globulin, maternal immunoglobulins, and immediate protection that lasts for weeks to months.

In LN naïve T cells and activated dendritic cells interact in the

  • A. Subcapsular sinus
  • B. Cortex
  • C. Paracortex
  • D. Medulla
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paracortex. Naïve T cells circulate through the blood and lymphatic system until they encounter antigens presented by activated dendritic cells in the paracortex of lymph nodes. The paracortex is the region where T cell activation and proliferation occur, leading to an immune response. The subcapsular sinus (A) is primarily involved in filtering lymph fluid, the cortex (B) contains B cell follicles, and the medulla (D) contains plasma cells and macrophages. Thus, the paracortex is the specific site of interaction between naïve T cells and activated dendritic cells in lymph nodes.

Plaques are:

  • A. clear areas in a lawn of cultured cells caused by virus infection.
  • B. stained areas in a cell culture indicating cells infected by a virus.
  • C. virus colonies on agar.
  • D. bacterial colonies on agar.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Plaques are clear areas caused by virus infection in a lawn of cultured cells. This is because viruses infect cells, causing cell death and lysis, which results in clear areas. Choice B is incorrect because stained areas are not typically associated with plaques. Choices C and D are also incorrect as they refer to virus and bacterial colonies, respectively, not plaques.

Which of the following are not examples of a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

  • A. nitrate
  • B. hydrogen sulfate
  • C. iron hydroxide
  • D. Hâ‚‚
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: H₂. In anaerobic respiration, H₂ can act as a terminal electron acceptor, so it is not an incorrect example. Nitrate, hydrogen sulfate, and iron hydroxide are all examples of terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. H₂ is commonly used in microbial processes as an electron donor, not as a terminal electron acceptor. This is because H₂ is typically oxidized to produce energy, rather than accepting electrons.

You are completing an assessment and health history for an HIV-positive patient who is considering starting antiretroviral therapy with several medications. Which patient information concerns you the most?

  • A. Patient has been HIV positive for 8 years and has never been on any drug therapy for the HIV infection.
  • B. Patient tells you that he never has been very consistent about taking medications in the past.
  • C. Patient continues to be sexually active with multiple partners and says that he is careful to use condoms.
  • D. Patient has many questions and concerns regarding how effective and safe the medications are.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical for its success. If the patient has a history of inconsistent medication use this raises concerns about the effectiveness of the therapy and the risk of developing drug resistance. The other information while important does not directly impact the success of the treatment as much as adherence does.

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