ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet

ATI the Immune System Test Quizlet Related

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What is the primary cause of anaphylaxis?

  • A. Immune complex deposition
  • B. Systemic release of vasoactive mediators
  • C. Localized mast cell degranulation
  • D. T cell activation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Systemic release of vasoactive mediators. Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that is primarily caused by the systemic release of vasoactive mediators such as histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes from mast cells and basophils. These mediators lead to widespread vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, bronchoconstriction, and systemic hypotension, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of anaphylaxis.

Choice A (Immune complex deposition) is incorrect because anaphylaxis is not caused by the deposition of immune complexes but rather by the immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

Choice C (Localized mast cell degranulation) is incorrect because anaphylaxis involves systemic mast cell degranulation leading to widespread effects throughout the body, not just localized reactions.

Choice D (T cell activation) is incorrect because anaphylaxis is primarily mediated by IgE antibodies and mast cells, not T cells.

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The nurse has contributed to an educational program for staff members. Which statement made by a staff member indicates a correct understanding of how passive immunity is provided?

  • A. Having an acute disease.
  • B. Administration of a toxoid.
  • C. Administration of a vaccine.
  • D. Administration of immunoglobulin.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, administration of immunoglobulin, for passive immunity. Immunoglobulin contains pre-formed antibodies that provide immediate protection against specific pathogens. Administering immunoglobulin transfers these antibodies to the recipient, offering temporary immunity. Choice A, having an acute disease, does not involve receiving external antibodies. Choice B, administration of a toxoid, induces active immunity against toxins, not passive immunity. Choice C, administration of a vaccine, stimulates active immunity by triggering the body to produce its antibodies, not providing immediate protection like passive immunity with immunoglobulin.

An example of a preformed chemical barrier is:

  • A. Mucus
  • B. Lysozyme
  • C. Tight junctions in epithelial cells
  • D. Cilia in the respiratory tract
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Lysozyme is an enzyme that destroys bacterial cell walls.
2. This action acts as a preformed chemical barrier against pathogens.
3. Mucus (choice A) is a physical barrier, not a preformed chemical one.
4. Tight junctions (choice C) and cilia (choice D) are structural components, not chemical barriers.
Summary:
- Choice B, Lysozyme, is correct as it actively targets and destroys pathogens.
- Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly function as preformed chemical barriers.

A client with HIV has been prescribed antiviral medications. What instructions related to administration of medications should the nurse give such a client?

  • A. Complying with the timing of antiviral medications around meals.
  • B. Avoiding exposure to harsh sunlight for about two hours after taking the medication.
  • C. Having the medications with plenty of fruit juice.
  • D. Having an increased dose of the medications if the symptoms worsen.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Adhering to the timing of antiviral medications around meals ensures optimal absorption and effectiveness.

Some top-selling drugs that are currently prescribed to treat certain immune-mediated diseases are actually monoclonal antibodies specific for:

  • A. An inflammatory cytokine
  • B. An inflammatory cytokine receptor
  • C. Lymphocytes of the T cell lineage
  • D. Two of these responses are correct
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because some top-selling drugs for immune-mediated diseases target either an inflammatory cytokine or its receptor. Monoclonal antibodies specific for an inflammatory cytokine can block its activity, while those targeting the receptor can prevent the cytokine from binding and triggering immune responses. Choices A and B are correct examples of drugs targeting inflammatory pathways. Choice C, targeting T cell lymphocytes, is less common for immune-mediated diseases compared to targeting cytokines or receptors. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it encompasses both common targeting strategies.

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disease. Both parents have been identified as heterozygous. There is a _____% chance that their offspring will be affected.

  • A. 40%
  • B. 50%
  • C. 20%
  • D. 25%
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For an autosomal recessive disorder where both parents are carriers (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance that their offspring will inherit the condition because each child has a 1-in-4 chance of receiving two copies of the mutated gene.

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