Nokea
A young adult is receiving a maintenance dose of aminophylline, 3 mg/kg PO q6h. The patient weighs 50 kg. How much should the patient receive in a 24-hour period?
- A. 200 mg
- B. 400 mg
- C. 600 mg
- D. 800 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Use the formula, amount of drug prescribed weight of the patient in kg 4 (q6h in a 24-hour period = 4). 3 50 = 150 mg to be given every 6 hours. To determine how much the patient will receive in a 24-hour period, divide 6 into 24 to equal 4 doses. 4 150 = 600 mg.
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Which of the following shows high first pass metabolism:
- A. Propranolol
- B. Phenobarbitone
- C. Phenylbutazone
- D. Phenytoin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.
Beta blockers are prescribed for diabetics with caution because of their ability to produce hypoglycemia and block the common symptoms of it. Which of the following symptoms of hypoglycemia is not blocked by these drugs and so can be used to warn diabetics of possible decreased blood glucose?
- A. Dizziness
- B. Increased heart rate
- C. Nervousness and shakiness
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diaphoresis (sweating) is not blocked by beta blockers and signals hypoglycemia.
After administering a medication, for what would the nurse assess the patient?
- A. Drug effects
- B. Allergies
- C. Pregnancy
- D. Preexisting conditions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After the medication is administered, the nurse assesses the patient for drug effects, both therapeutic and adverse. The nurse would assess the patient for allergies, preexisting conditions, and pregnancy before administering a medication.
The antidote for paracetamol poisoning is:
- A. Acetylsalicylic acid
- B. Acetylcysteine
- C. Prostacyclin
- D. Omeprazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione, detoxifying paracetamol's toxic metabolite.
The patient tells the nurse about a new drug being tested to treat the disease she was diagnosed with and asks the nurse whether the doctor can prescribe a medication still in the preclinical phase of testing. What is the nurses best response?
- A. The doctor would have to complete a great deal of paperwork to get approval to prescribe that drug.
- B. Sometimes pharmaceutical companies are looking for volunteers to test a new drug and the doctor could give them your name.
- C. Drugs in the preclinical phase of testing are only tested on animals and so would not be available to you.
- D. Drugs in the preclinical phase of testing are given only to healthy young men and so would not be available to you.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the preclinical phase of testing drugs are tested on animals and are not available to patients. In phase I, the drug is tested on volunteers who are usually healthy young men. It is only in phase III studies that the drug is made available to prescribers who agree to closely monitor patients getting the medication.