Nokea
Acid-base balance occurs when the pH level of the blood is between:
- A. 7.4 and 7.5
- B. 7.5 and 7.5
- C. 7.4 and 7.5
- D. 7.5 and 7.5
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acid-base balance is the maintenance of arterial blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45 through hydrogen ion production and elimination. The correct range is 7.35 to 7.45, but the provided options contain an error, and 7.5 and 7.5 is marked as correct in the source.
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The nurse would expect a patient with respiratory acidosis to have an excessive amount of
- A. Hydrogen ion
- B. Bicarbonate
- C. Oxygen
- D. Phosphate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis occurs when the arterial blood pH level falls below 7.35 and is caused by an accumulation of hydrogen ions due to impaired carbon dioxide elimination.
The best indicator of fluid volume changes in the body is:
- A. Skin dryness
- B. weight changes
- C. Blood pressure
- D. pulse rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Changes in weight are the best indicator of fluid volume changes in the body, as they directly reflect fluid gain or loss.
Immunity which occurs when antibodies are passed from the mother to the fetus through the placenta or through breast milk is called:
- A. natural passive
- B. artificial active
- C. natural active
- D. artificial passive
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Natural passive immunity occurs when antibodies are transferred from the mother to the fetus via the placenta or breast milk, providing temporary protection.
The best way for an individual to maintain acid-base balance is to
- A. avoid or quit smoking
- B. avoid or quit smoking
- C. quit smoking and quit smoking
- D. quit smoking and quit smoking
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including quitting smoking, regular exercise, and a healthy diet, helps prevent conditions like COPD and type-2 diabetes, which can disrupt acid-base balance.
Hypokalemia can occur in patients with prolonged diarrhea and is caused by a decrease in:
- A. calcium
- B. magnesium
- C. potassium
- D. sodium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypokalemia occurs when there is a decrease in serum potassium, often due to prolonged diarrhea, which can lead to life-threatening rhythm abnormalities.