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After abdominal surgery, your patient has a severe coughing episode that causes wound evisceration. In addition to calling the doctor, which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Irrigate the wound & organs with Betadine
- B. Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing.
- C. Apply a dry sterile dressing & binder
- D. Push the organs back & cover with moist sterile dressings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cover the wound with a saline-soaked sterile dressing. This intervention helps maintain a moist environment for wound healing and prevents further contamination. Irrigating with Betadine (A) can be harmful to tissues. Applying a dry sterile dressing (C) can lead to desiccation and delays healing. Pushing organs back (D) should only be done by a medical professional to avoid causing further harm.
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Which one of the following enzymes is not part of the enzymatic component of the pancreatic juice?
- A. amylase
- B. lipase
- C. nucleases
- D. chymotrypsin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin is not part of the enzymatic component of pancreatic juice. Pancreatic juice contains amylase for carbohydrate digestion, lipase for fat digestion, and nucleases for nucleic acid digestion. Chymotrypsin is produced in the pancreas but is not secreted directly into the pancreatic juice. It is released in an inactive form that is activated in the small intestine. Therefore, chymotrypsin is not directly involved in the initial breakdown of nutrients in the pancreatic juice.
After an esophageal surgery, a client exhibited the symptoms of dyspne What should a nurse do to minimize dyspnea?
- A. Ensure the intake of soft foods or high-calorie, high-protein semiliquid foods
- B. Advise avoidance of foods that contain significant air or gas
- C. Ensure frequent, small meals and discourage lying down immediately after eating
- D. Instruct to take liquid supplements between meals
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Small, frequent meals and avoiding lying down after eating help prevent reflux and aspiration, which can contribute to dyspnea.
The term wisdom tooth refers to the _____ tooth.
- A. incisor
- B. third molar
- C. second bicuspid
- D. first cuspid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: third molar. Wisdom teeth are the third molars located at the back of the mouth. They typically erupt in late teens or early twenties. Incisors (A) are front teeth for cutting, second bicuspids (C) help with chewing, and first cuspids (D) are also known as canines for tearing food. The key is understanding dental anatomy and the specific location/function of each tooth type.
A patient's serum liver enzyme tests reveal an elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The nurse recognizes what about the elevated AST?
- A. It eliminates infection as a cause of liver damage.
- B. It is diagnostic for liver inflammation and damage.
- C. Tissue damage in organs other than the liver may be identified.
- D. Nervous system symptoms related to hepatic encephalopathy may be the cause.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated AST may indicate damage in the liver or other organs as AST is not liver-specific.
Where are most fat-digesting enzymes produced?
- A. small intestine
- B. gallbladder
- C. liver
- D. pancreas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: pancreas. The pancreas produces most fat-digesting enzymes, such as lipase, which help break down fats in the small intestine. The liver produces bile, stored in the gallbladder, which aids in fat digestion but doesn't directly produce fat-digesting enzymes. The small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients rather than producing fat-digesting enzymes. Therefore, the pancreas is the main source of fat-digesting enzymes in the digestive system.