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What should the nurse emphasize when discussing healthy BMI and fertility with a patient?
- A. A healthy BMI has no impact on fertility outcomes.
- B. A BMI within the normal range supports hormonal balance and ovulation.
- C. BMI only matters during pregnancy, not before conception.
- D. Low BMI always improves fertility rates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a BMI within the normal range is associated with improved hormonal balance and ovulation, which are crucial factors for fertility. This is supported by research showing that both underweight and overweight BMI can negatively impact fertility. Choice A is incorrect as BMI does impact fertility outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as BMI plays a role before conception as well. Choice D is incorrect as a low BMI can actually decrease fertility rates due to hormonal imbalances.
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A client asks the nurse about the gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) procedure. Which of the following responses would be appropriate for the nurse to make?
- A. Fertilization takes place in the woman's body.
- B. Zygotes are placed in the fallopian tubes.
- C. Donor sperm are placed in a medium with donor eggs.
- D. A surrogate carries the infertile woman's fetus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In GIFT, fertilization occurs in the woman's fallopian tubes after the gametes are placed there.
How does lifestyle modification improve male fertility?
- A. By directly increasing sperm motility and morphology.
- B. By reducing stress and improving overall reproductive health.
- C. By guaranteeing successful fertilization.
- D. By eliminating the need for medical treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because lifestyle modifications such as reducing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding harmful substances, and exercising can improve male fertility by optimizing overall reproductive health. Stress reduction can positively impact hormone levels and sperm production. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lifestyle modifications do not directly guarantee successful fertilization, eliminate the need for medical treatments, or directly improve sperm motility and morphology.
During fertility evaluation, a patient asks about tubal factor infertility. What should the nurse explain?
- A. It is caused by hormonal imbalances affecting the ovaries.
- B. It results from blockages or damage to the fallopian tubes.
- C. It is unrelated to previous infections or surgeries.
- D. It does not impact the chances of natural conception.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because tubal factor infertility is primarily due to blockages or damage in the fallopian tubes, which can prevent the egg from meeting the sperm for fertilization. Blockages can result from infections, surgeries, or conditions like endometriosis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hormonal imbalances affecting the ovaries, previous infections or surgeries, and impacts on natural conception are not the primary causes of tubal factor infertility.
Based on the karyotype shown below, which of the following conclusions can the nurse make about the female baby?
- A. She has a genetically normal karyotype.
- B. She has trisomy 21.
- C. She has fragile X syndrome.
- D. She has an autosomal monosomy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is indicated by three copies of chromosome 21.
The nurse responsible for completing the medical history during a couple's initial visit to the reproductive medicine clinic recognizes which condition as the leading cause of tubal factor infertility in females?
- A. History of endometriosis
- B. History of pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. History of ectopic pregnancy
- D. History of Asherman's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, causing tubal factor infertility. Step 1: Identify common causes of tubal factor infertility. Step 2: Understand that PID is a major risk factor for tubal damage. Step 3: Recognize the importance of medical history in identifying underlying conditions. Other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to tubal factor infertility. Endometriosis (A) can affect fertility but is not the leading cause of tubal factor infertility. Ectopic pregnancy (C) and Asherman's syndrome (D) can impact fertility differently but are not the primary cause of tubal factor infertility.