An Orthodox Jewish couple is seeking infertility counseling. The woman states that her menstrual cycle is 21 days long. After testing, no physical explanation is found for the infertility. Which of the following may explain why the woman has been unable to conceive?
- A. Her kosher diet is lacking the essential nutrients needed for achieving optimal reproductive health.
- B. The positions allowed Orthodox Jewish couples during intercourse hinder the process of fertilization.
- C. Orthodox Jewish couples are known to have a high rate of infertility because of inborn genetic diseases.
- D. Orthodox Jewish couples refrain from intercourse during menses and for seven days after it ends.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Orthodox Jewish couples abstain from intercourse during menstruation and the subsequent week, potentially missing the fertile window.
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A woman is seeking genetic counseling during her pregnancy. She has a strong family history of diabetes mellitus. She wishes to have an amniocentesis to determine whether she is carrying a baby who will 'develop diabetes.' Which of the following replies would be most appropriate for the nurse to make?
- A. Doctors don't do amniocenteses to detect diabetes.
- B. Diabetes cannot be diagnosed by looking at the genes.
- C. Although diabetes does have a genetic component
- D. diet and exercise also determine whether or not someone is diabetic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes involves genetic and environmental factors.
A patient asks about the effects of smoking on male fertility. What should the nurse include in the response?
- A. Smoking increases testosterone levels, improving fertility.
- B. Smoking affects sperm count, motility, and morphology.
- C. Smoking has no significant impact on male reproductive health.
- D. Smoking only affects fertility when combined with alcohol use.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because smoking has been proven to negatively impact male fertility by reducing sperm count, motility, and morphology. Nicotine and other harmful chemicals in cigarettes can damage sperm DNA and affect reproductive health. Choice A is incorrect as smoking actually decreases testosterone levels. Choice C is incorrect as smoking does have a significant impact on male reproductive health. Choice D is incorrect because smoking alone can still affect male fertility without the need for alcohol use.
An infertility specialist is evaluating whether a woman's cervical mucus contains enough estrogen to support sperm motility. Which of the following tests is the physician conducting?
- A. Ferning capacity.
- B. Basal body temperature.
- C. Culposcopy.
- D. Hysterotomy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ferning capacity evaluates the presence of fern-like patterns in cervical mucus, indicating sufficient estrogen.
The nurse is analyzing the pedigree shown below. How should the nurse interpret the genotype of the individuals in locations IV-9 and IV-10?
- A. Fraternal twins.
- B. Unaffected couple.
- C. Proband and sister.
- D. Known heterozygotes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symbols indicate known heterozygotes.
A woman calls the health care facility stating that she is in labor. The nurse would urge the client to come to the facility if the client reports which symptom?
- A. increased energy level with alternating strong and weak contractions
- B. moderately strong contractions every 4 minutes, lasting about 1 minute
- C. contractions noted in the front of abdomen that stop when she walks
- D. pink-tinged vaginal secretions and irregular contractions lasting about 30 seconds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Moderately strong regular contractions every 4 minutes lasting about 1 minute indicate that the client is likely in active labor and should come to the facility. This pattern suggests progress in labor and the need for medical assistance.