Nokea
As a clinical consultant for the Breathright drug research firm, you are given the task of using an in vitro assay to screen ten thousand drug analogs to find the most potent beta-2 receptor agonist. When analysing your data, the biomarker that you should screen for is:
- A. E max
- B. Emax
- C. EC50
- D. Half life
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Potency is measured by EC50 (dose producing 50% of max effect); lower EC50 indicates higher potency.
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Persistent dry cough is a common side effect of:
- A. ACE inhibitor
- B. Calcium channel blockers
- C. Beta blockers
- D. Angiotensin receptor blockers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ACE inhibitors, such as lisinopril, frequently cause a persistent dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels irritating the respiratory tract.
While providing medications to clients on the cardiac unit, the nurse anticipates that hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) would most likely be prescribed for which of the following clients?
- A. A 48-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with atrial fibrillation
- B. A 55-year-old African American female diagnosed with hypertension
- C. A 63-year-old Caucasian female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome
- D. A 64-year-old African American male diagnosed with heart failure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: BiDil (hydralazine/isosorbide) is FDA-approved specifically for heart failure in African Americans , showing improved outcomes in this population.
Taking which drug with food maximizes it bioavailability?
- A. Donepezil
- B. Galantamine
- C. Rivastigmine
- D. Memantine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rivastigmine's bioavailability is maximized with food, reducing GI side effects.
A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The student reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the best choice for obtaining this information?
- A. Nursing instructor
- B. Nurse assigned to the patient
- C. Clinical drug reference
- D. Prescribing health care provider
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Although the nursing student can ask the nursing instructor, the nurse assigned to the patient, and the prescribing health care provider for information about the drug, the best choices for drug information would include an appropriate drug reference and the clinical pharmacist.
What is the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation?
- A. Elimination
- B. Bioavailability
- C. Metabolism
- D. Drug displacement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation, a key pharmacokinetic parameter.