Nokea
Believes that human behavior is learned
- A. Bruner
- B. Skinner
- C. Piaget
- D. Bandura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bandura's social learning theory emphasizes behavior learned through observation.
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A patient was admitted 48 hours ago for injuries sustained while intoxicated. The patient is shaky, irritable, anxious, and diaphoretic. The pulse rate is 130 beats per minute. The patient shouts, 'Bugs are crawling on my bed. I’ve got to get out of here.' What is the most accurate assessment of the situation? The patient:
- A. is attempting to obtain attention by manipulating staff.
- B. may have sustained a head injury before admission.
- C. has symptoms of alcohol withdrawal delirium.
- D. is having a recurrence of an acute psychosis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The patient has symptoms of alcohol withdrawal delirium. The presentation of shakiness, irritability, anxiety, diaphoresis, elevated heart rate, and hallucinations ('bugs are crawling on my bed') are classic signs of alcohol withdrawal delirium. Delirium tremens, a severe form of alcohol withdrawal, typically occurs 48-72 hours after the last drink and can be life-threatening. This patient's symptoms are consistent with the timeline and manifestations of alcohol withdrawal, requiring immediate medical intervention.
Incorrect answers:
A: Manipulating staff for attention is unlikely given the severity of the symptoms and the potential life-threatening nature of alcohol withdrawal delirium.
B: Head injury would not typically present with these specific symptoms and timeline.
D: Acute psychosis would not typically manifest with these specific symptoms in the context of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal.
The nurse is caring for a patient with HIV. For which common opportunistic infection should the nurse observe when caring for this patient?
- A. Toxoplasmosis
- B. Cryptococcosis
- C. Candida albicans
- D. Cryptosporidiosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Candida albicans. Patients with HIV are at risk for opportunistic infections due to their weakened immune system. Candida albicans is a common fungal infection seen in HIV patients due to their compromised immunity. It can manifest as oral thrush, esophageal candidiasis, or vaginal yeast infections. Observing for signs of Candida albicans is essential for early detection and treatment.
Incorrect choices:
A: Toxoplasmosis - While Toxoplasmosis is another opportunistic infection seen in HIV patients, it is more commonly associated with neurological manifestations such as encephalitis.
B: Cryptococcosis - Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, commonly affecting the lungs and central nervous system in HIV patients.
D: Cryptosporidiosis - Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract and is commonly seen in HIV patients with severe
The most appropriate crisis intervention with Amanda (from question 3) would be to:
- A. Encourage her to recognize how lucky she is to be alive.
- B. Discuss stages of grief and feelings associated with each.
- C. Identify community resources that can help Amanda.
- D. Suggest that she find a place to live that provides a storm shelter.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because identifying community resources can provide immediate support and assistance to Amanda during the crisis. This approach focuses on practical help and solutions tailored to her specific needs. Encouraging her to recognize her luck (A) may invalidate her feelings, discussing grief stages (B) may not address her immediate needs, and suggesting finding a place with a storm shelter (D) does not directly address her current crisis.
A parent is admitted to a chemical dependency treatment unit. The patients spouse and adolescent children attend a family session. Which initial assessment question should the nurse ask of family members?
- A. What changes are most important to you?
- B. How are feelings expressed in your family?
- C. What types of family education would benefit your family?
- D. Can you identify a long-term goal for improved functioning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It is important to understand family characteristics, particularly in a family under stress. Expression of feelings is an important aspect of assessment of the familys function (or dysfunction). The distracters relate more to outcome identification and planning interventions, both of which should be delayed until the assessment is complete.
What are the two species of structural dysfunction in SFT?
- A. Conflictual and underorganized
- B. Longstanding and recent
- C. Enmity and disagreement
- D. Community and family
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Conflictual (overly rigid) and underorganized (too diffuse) are SFT's dysfunction types.