Nokea
Cloacal respiration is found in
- A. Snake
- B. Turtle and Tortoise
- C. Crocodile
- D. Frog
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cloacal respiration is found in turtles and tortoises. These reptiles can absorb oxygen through their cloaca, a multi-functional opening used for excretion and reproduction. Turtles and tortoises lack specialized respiratory organs like lungs, and thus utilize cloacal respiration as an additional means of obtaining oxygen. Snakes (Option A) primarily rely on lung respiration. Crocodiles (Option C) have well-developed lungs for breathing. Frogs (Option D) respire through their skin and lungs but do not utilize cloacal respiration like turtles and tortoises. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it is the only species listed that exhibits cloacal respiration.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?
- A. alveoli
- B. bronchi
- C. terminal bronchioles
- D. respiratory bronchioles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: alveoli. The alveoli are not part of the bronchial tree; they are the tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchial tree where gas exchange occurs. The bronchial tree consists of the bronchi, terminal bronchioles, and respiratory bronchioles, which are responsible for conducting air into the lungs. Alveoli are located at the end of the respiratory bronchioles and are where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released. Therefore, alveoli are not considered part of the bronchial tree.
The medical nurse who works on a pulmonology unit is aware that several respiratory conditions can affect lung tissue compliance. The presence of what condition would lead to an increase in lung compliance?
- A. Emphysema
- B. Pulmonary fibrosis
- C. Pleural effusion
- D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. Emphysema leads to an increase in lung compliance due to the destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in decreased elastic recoil. This decreased recoil makes it easier for the lungs to expand and increases overall lung compliance.
Incorrect choices:
B: Pulmonary fibrosis - Pulmonary fibrosis causes lung tissue scarring and stiffening, resulting in decreased lung compliance.
C: Pleural effusion - Pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which can restrict lung expansion and decrease lung compliance.
D: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ARDS causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, leading to decreased lung compliance due to increased stiffness and reduced ability to expand.
A nurse teaches a client who had a supraglottic laryngectomy. Which technique would the nurse teach the client to prevent aspiration?
- A. Tilt the head back as far as possible when swallowing.
- B. Swallow twice while bearing down.
- C. Breathe slowly and deeply while swallowing.
- D. Keep the head very still and straight while swallowing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Swallow twice while bearing down. This technique helps close the trachea during swallowing to prevent aspiration. Swallowing twice initiates a double swallow, which helps clear the throat and reduce the risk of food or liquid entering the airway. Tilt the head back (A), breathing slowly and deeply (C), and keeping the head still and straight (D) do not directly address the risk of aspiration in a client with a supraglottic laryngectomy.
Exchange across a membrane requires
- A. moisture.
- B. transport proteins
- C. pressure gradients.
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exchange across a membrane involves the movement of molecules or ions. Moisture (A) helps facilitate this movement by dissolving solutes. Transport proteins (B) are essential for facilitating the movement of specific molecules across the membrane. Pressure gradients (C) can drive the movement of substances across the membrane. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all these factors play a crucial role in facilitating exchange across a membrane. Moisture alone is not sufficient for exchange, transport proteins are necessary for specific molecule transport, and pressure gradients can aid in driving the movement of substances.
What is the least successful treatment for laryngeal cancer?
- A. Surgical treatment
- B. Radical neck dissection
- C. Radiation therapy with surgery
- D. Chemotherapy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chemotherapy alone is generally less effective for laryngeal cancer compared to surgical treatment, radiation therapy, or combinations thereof. A (surgical treatment) and C (radiation therapy with surgery) are more successful. B (radical neck dissection) is a specific surgical approach but still more effective than chemotherapy alone.