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During fertility evaluation, a patient asks about tubal factor infertility. What should the nurse explain?
- A. It is caused by hormonal imbalances affecting the ovaries.
- B. It results from blockages or damage to the fallopian tubes.
- C. It is unrelated to previous infections or surgeries.
- D. It does not impact the chances of natural conception.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because tubal factor infertility is primarily due to blockages or damage in the fallopian tubes, which can prevent the egg from meeting the sperm for fertilization. Blockages can result from infections, surgeries, or conditions like endometriosis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hormonal imbalances affecting the ovaries, previous infections or surgeries, and impacts on natural conception are not the primary causes of tubal factor infertility.
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What is the role of cervical mucus observation in tracking ovulation?
- A. To confirm ovulation has already occurred.
- B. To detect peak fertility by observing changes in mucus consistency.
- C. To determine the overall health of the uterus.
- D. To predict the gender of the future baby.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To detect peak fertility by observing changes in mucus consistency. Cervical mucus observation is used to identify the most fertile period during a woman's menstrual cycle. This method helps in predicting ovulation by tracking changes in mucus consistency, which indicates the best time for conception. Other choices are incorrect because cervical mucus observation does not confirm ovulation has already occurred (A), determine the overall health of the uterus (C), or predict the gender of the future baby (D).
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to evaluate the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes?
- A. Semen analysis.
- B. Endometrial biopsy.
- C. Hysterosalpingography.
- D. Testicular biopsy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hysterosalpingography. This test involves injecting a contrast dye into the uterus and fallopian tubes to evaluate their structure and patency. It helps diagnose issues like blockages or abnormalities. Semen analysis (A) is used to evaluate male fertility, not the uterus or fallopian tubes. Endometrial biopsy (B) is used to evaluate the uterine lining, not the structure of the uterus or fallopian tubes. Testicular biopsy (D) is used to assess male reproductive health, not female reproductive structures. Therefore, C is the correct choice for evaluating the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
The nurse is providing genetic counseling for an expectant couple who just found out that their child has Down syndrome. Which is the best way for the nurse to handle this?
- A. Be supportive by answering questions and clarifying information and options.
- B. Inform the parents that they should not tell anyone until they have made a decision concerning termination of the pregnancy.
- C. Refer the couple to another specialist for a second opinion.
- D. Tell the couple that there are a lot of parents who have children with Down syndrome and they all do fine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should be supportive, answer questions, and clarify information and options to help the couple make informed decisions. This approach shows empathy and respect for the couple's autonomy.
Choice B is incorrect as it is not the nurse's role to dictate when the parents should disclose the information. Choice C is not the best option as the nurse should continue to provide support rather than immediately referring the couple for a second opinion. Choice D is incorrect because generalizing outcomes for all parents of children with Down syndrome may not be helpful or accurate for this specific couple.
A woman in her 40th week of pregnancy calls the nurse at the clinic and says she is not sure whether she is in true or false labor. Which statement by the client would lead the nurse to suspect that the woman is experiencing false labor?
- A. I'm feeling contractions mostly in my back.
- B. My contractions are about 6 minutes apart and regular.
- C. The contractions slow down when I walk around.
- D. If I try to talk to my partner during a contraction, I can't.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement The contractions slow down when I walk around indicates that the contractions are irregular and weak, which is characteristic of false labor. In true labor, contractions are regular, strong, and do not slow down with movement.
A woman undergoing evaluation of infertility states, "At least when we're through with all of these tests, we will know what is wrong." The nurse's best response is
- A. "I know the test will identify what is wrong."
- B. "I'm sure that once you finish these tests, your problem will be resolved."
- C. "Even with diagnostic testing, infertility remains unexplained in about 20% of couples."
- D. "Once you've identified your problem, you may want to look at the option of adoption."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it acknowledges the uncertainty in diagnosing infertility, which can remain unexplained in about 20% of couples even after testing. This response is the best because it provides realistic information without giving false hope or making assumptions.
Choice A is incorrect because it asserts that the tests will definitely identify the problem, which is not always the case. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the problem will be resolved after testing, which may not be true. Choice D is incorrect as it jumps to the conclusion of adoption without addressing the uncertainty of infertility testing.