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During preconception counseling, a patient asks about the impact of caffeine on fertility. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Moderate caffeine intake is generally considered safe.
- B. Caffeine improves ovulation and increases conception chances.
- C. All caffeine should be eliminated to conceive successfully.
- D. Caffeine intake only affects male fertility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
1. Moderate caffeine intake is generally considered safe during preconception as excessive intake may affect fertility.
2. Studies show that moderate caffeine consumption doesn't significantly impact fertility.
3. Advising complete elimination may be overly restrictive and challenging for patients.
4. Caffeine can affect both male and female fertility, not just male fertility.
5. Emphasizing moderation allows for informed decision-making and realistic lifestyle changes.
Summary of other choices:
B: Incorrect - Caffeine does not improve ovulation or increase conception chances.
C: Incorrect - Complete elimination of caffeine is unnecessary for successful conception.
D: Incorrect - Caffeine intake can affect both male and female fertility, not limited to male fertility.
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The procedure in which ova are removed by laparoscopy, mixed with sperm, and the embryo(s) returned to the woman's uterus is
- A. in vitro fertilization (IVF).
- B. tubal embryo transfer (TET).
- C. therapeutic insemination (IUI).
- D. gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: in vitro fertilization (IVF). In IVF, ova are retrieved via laparoscopy, fertilized with sperm in a lab dish, and then the resulting embryo(s) are transferred back to the woman's uterus. This process allows for fertilization to occur outside the body.
Incorrect choices:
B: Tubal embryo transfer (TET) involves transferring embryos directly into the fallopian tubes, not the uterus.
C: Therapeutic insemination (IUI) is the process of injecting sperm directly into the uterus, not involving the removal and fertilization of ova.
D: Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) involves transferring both eggs and sperm into the fallopian tubes for fertilization to occur internally, not in a lab dish.
A nurse is offering preconception counseling to a couple. What advice should be emphasized to support fertility?
- A. Smoking cessation improves both male and female fertility.
- B. Caffeine intake has no impact on fertility.
- C. Stress management is unnecessary if ovulation occurs regularly.
- D. High protein diets guarantee improved egg quality.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Smoking cessation improves both male and female fertility. Smoking negatively impacts fertility by reducing sperm quality, disrupting hormone production, and affecting egg quality. By quitting smoking, both partners can improve their chances of conceiving.
Summary:
B: Caffeine intake can affect fertility, so moderate consumption is recommended.
C: Stress management is important for fertility, as stress can disrupt hormonal balance.
D: High protein diets alone do not guarantee improved egg quality; a balanced diet is essential for fertility.
A nurse is instructing a client on taking her basal body temperature. The nurse understands that this test is used to determine which of the following?
- A. If the client's cervical mucus contains enough estrogen to support sperm motility.
- B. If the client's temperature rises 1 to 5 days after the midcycle.
- C. If surgical correction of uterine pathology is needed.
- D. If the client is experiencing blockage of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because basal body temperature rises 1 to 5 days after ovulation, indicating that ovulation has occurred. This is important for tracking fertility and planning conception.
A is incorrect because basal body temperature is not used to determine estrogen levels in cervical mucus.
C is incorrect because basal body temperature is not used to diagnose uterine pathology.
D is incorrect because basal body temperature does not assess blockages in the uterine cavity or fallopian tubes.
What is the role of hCG injections in fertility treatments?
- A. To prevent ovulation during stimulation cycles.
- B. To trigger the release of mature eggs from the ovary.
- C. To enhance the quality of embryos for transfer.
- D. To suppress uterine contractions post-implantation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To trigger the release of mature eggs from the ovary. hCG injections are commonly used in fertility treatments to induce ovulation by mimicking the hormone LH, which triggers the release of mature eggs from the ovary. This is crucial for assisted reproductive techniques like in vitro fertilization.
A: Incorrect. hCG injections do not prevent ovulation; instead, they promote it.
C: Incorrect. hCG injections do not directly enhance the quality of embryos.
D: Incorrect. hCG injections are not used to suppress uterine contractions post-implantation; they are primarily for ovulation induction.
A woman is informed that she is a carrier for Tay-Sachs disease, an autosomal recessive illness. What is her phenotype?
- A. She has one recessive gene and one normal gene.
- B. She has two recessive genes.
- C. She exhibits all symptoms of the disease.
- D. She exhibits no symptoms of the disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carriers of autosomal recessive diseases do not exhibit symptoms.