Nokea
Elderly people are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes due to the decline in production.
- A. estrogen
- B. thyroid hormone
- C. follicle-stimulating hormone
- D. insulin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: insulin. Elderly individuals are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes due to a decrease in insulin production by the pancreas and decreased sensitivity to insulin in tissues. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production. A decline in insulin production or sensitivity can lead to elevated blood sugar levels, contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes. Estrogen (choice A), thyroid hormone (choice B), and follicle-stimulating hormone (choice C) do not directly impact insulin production or sensitivity in the context of type 2 diabetes development in elderly individuals.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following drugs is a direct stimulant of β1 and β2 adrenoceptors:
- A. Noradrenaline
- B. Isoprenaline
- C. Salbutamol
- D. Amphetamine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Isoprenaline. Isoprenaline directly stimulates both β1 and β2 adrenoceptors. It is a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, leading to increased heart rate (β1 stimulation) and bronchodilation (β2 stimulation).
Incorrect choices:
A: Noradrenaline mainly acts on α-adrenoceptors.
C: Salbutamol is a selective β2 agonist, not stimulating β1 receptors.
D: Amphetamine primarily acts on catecholamine release and reuptake inhibition, not direct β-adrenoceptor stimulation.
The main mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is _____.
- A. cortisol.
- B. glucagon.
- C. epinephrine.
- D. aldosterone.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: aldosterone. Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, responsible for regulating electrolyte balance and blood pressure. It acts on the kidneys to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Cortisol (A) is a glucocorticoid, not a mineralocorticoid. Glucagon (B) is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood glucose levels. Epinephrine (C) is a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla involved in the fight-or-flight response, not a mineralocorticoid. Therefore, the correct answer is aldosterone (D) due to its specific role in mineral balance regulation.
Which is a water soluble vitamin?
- A. D
- B. B12
- C. A
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. Vitamin B12 is water-soluble because it dissolves in water, allowing it to be easily absorbed and transported in the bloodstream. It plays a crucial role in nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they are absorbed along with fats in the diet and are stored in the body's fat tissues. Since they are not water-soluble, they require bile for absorption and are stored in the body for longer periods. Hence, B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the given choices.
Which row shows active transport?
- A. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- B. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- C. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- D. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because active transport involves the movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration, which goes against the natural flow of diffusion and requires energy input. In active transport, cells use ATP to pump substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient. This process allows cells to accumulate essential molecules or ions that are needed in higher concentrations inside the cell. Choices A, B, and D all describe passive transport processes where particles move with the concentration gradient and do not require energy input.
The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include __________.
- A. glucose-containing hormones
- B. steroid hormones
- C. protein-based hormones
- D. amino acid-based hormones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: glucose-containing hormones. Hormones are classified based on their chemical structure, and glucose-containing hormones do not fit into any of the main categories (steroid, protein-based, amino acid-based). Glucose is a sugar molecule and not typically found as the primary chemical structure of hormones. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, protein-based hormones are made of amino acids, and amino acid-based hormones are derived from single amino acids or peptides. Therefore, glucose-containing hormones do not align with the traditional chemical classifications of hormones.