Nokea
Fill in the blank. A condition that causes uncontrollable, recurrent daytime episodes of sleepiness that can hinder driving and operating dangerous equipment is called
- A. narcolepsy
- B. insomnia
- C. sleep apnea
- D. restless legs syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder causing sudden, uncontrollable sleep episodes during the day, posing risks during activities like driving.
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Describe how the following nonpharmacological methods work to reduce mild pain or to use as an adjuvant (along with pain medication) for more severe pain: guided imagery, effleurage, and a TENS.
- A. Guided imagery distracts from pain via mental focus on calming images; effleurage soothes with gentle strokes; TENS blocks pain signals with electrical stimulation.
- B. Heat therapy reduces muscle tension; acupuncture balances energy; massage increases blood flow.
- C. Biofeedback controls physiological responses; cold therapy numbs pain; reflexology targets pressure points.
- D. Meditation reduces stress; exercise strengthens muscles; hypnosis alters pain perception.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Guided imagery uses visualization to distract from pain, effleurage promotes relaxation through gentle skin stroking, and TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) delivers electrical impulses to block pain signals.
Fill in the blank. The medical term for pain medications is
- A. analgesics
- B. antibiotics
- C. antidepressants
- D. anesthetics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Analgesics is the medical term for medications specifically used to relieve pain.
An 89-year-old female patient is admitted for right lower knee surgery. Prior to giving her IV morphine for pain management, the nurse will assess
- A. Respiratory rate
- B. Temperature
- C. Elevation of head of bed
- D. Dysphagia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respiratory rate must be assessed before administering morphine, as it can cause respiratory depression, especially in elderly patients.
Your patient reports having severe pain at an 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. You notice that her vital signs are all within normal range. Which of the following statements accurately explains the normal vital signs?
- A. The patient is not really hurting if the blood pressure and pulse are not elevated.
- B. Acute pain does not generally elevate the vital signs.
- C. The body learns to adapt to chronic pain and therefore does not elevate the vital signs.
- D. The patient is having nociceptor pain, which does not affect the vital signs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic pain, unlike acute pain, often does not elevate vital signs as the body adapts over time, explaining the normal vital signs in this scenario.
Fill in the blank. The patient usually snores, accompanied by periods of apnea lasting from 10 seconds to 2 minutes; this can be life-threatening. This inability to maintain breathing while sleeping is known as
- A. sleep apnea
- B. insomnia
- C. narcolepsy
- D. restless legs syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sleep apnea is characterized by snoring and periods of apnea (paused breathing) during sleep, which can be life-threatening if untreated.