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For which reasons is it more difficult to diagnose psychiatric disorders in children than in adults? Select all that apply.
- A. Children usually lack the abstract cognitive abilities and verbal skills to describe what is happening.
- B. Because they are constantly changing and developing, children are unable to discriminate unusual or unwanted symptoms from normal feelings and sensations.
- C. Behaviors that are appropriate for a child of one developmental level may be inappropriate for a child of a different developmental level.
- D. Sometimes, children outgrow psychiatric disorders.
- E. Children and adolescents experience some of the same mental health problems as adults and are diagnosed using the same criteria as for adults.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Children's limited cognitive and verbal skills, ongoing development, and age-specific behaviors complicate psychiatric diagnosis.
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A nurse asks an assigned client, 'How are you doing today?' The client responds with 'doing today, doing today, doing today.' Which speech pattern disturbance is this an example of?
- A. Reactive attachment disorder
- B. Stereotypic movement disorder
- C. Selective mutism
- D. Echolalia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Echolalia involves repeating the last heard words or phrases, as seen in the client's response, unlike the other disorders listed.
The nurse has been working with the family of a small child with a psychiatric disorder. The nurse is feeling very frustrated because the parents refuse to implement effective parenting skills that the nurse has taught. What is the best action for the nurse at this time?
- A. Review effective disciplinary practices with the parents again.
- B. Refer the parents to a family therapist.
- C. Try to remember that the parents are trying to the best of their ability to carry out the suggestions.
- D. Explore alternative living arrangements for the child.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recognizing parents' efforts and challenges fosters empathy and supports continued collaboration without premature escalation.
Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of ADHD? Select all that apply.
- A. Enuresis
- B. Inattentiveness
- C. Encopresis
- D. Overactivity
- E. Impulsiveness
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: ADHD is defined by inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness, while enuresis and encopresis are unrelated elimination disorders.
Which of the following would be important circumstances to gather assessment data for a child with ADHD? Select all that apply.
- A. Direct observation of the child
- B. Reviewing the client's record
- C. Interviewing the client's parents
- D. Interviewing the client's teachers
- E. Assessing the client in a group of peers
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Direct observation, parent and teacher interviews, and peer group assessment provide comprehensive data on ADHD behaviors, unlike record review alone.
Which one of the following nursing interventions should take priority for a child with ADHD?
- A. Structured daily routine
- B. Ensuring the child's safety and that of others
- C. Simplifying instructions and directions
- D. Improved role performance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Safety is the priority due to the impulsive and hyperactive behaviors in ADHD that can pose risks to the child and others.