Nokea
Gastrin secretion will stop when the stomach pH reaches _____.
- A. 7
- B. 4.5
- C. 1.5
- D. 3
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 3. Gastrin secretion is stimulated by low pH levels in the stomach. When the stomach pH drops below 3, gastrin secretion is triggered to increase stomach acid production. Once the stomach pH reaches around 3, a negative feedback mechanism is activated to stop gastrin secretion and prevent excessive acid production. Choices A (7), B (4.5), and C (1.5) are incorrect because gastrin secretion is actually inhibited by higher pH levels, not when the pH reaches neutral (7), slightly acidic (4.5), or extremely acidic (1.5) levels. The key here is to understand the physiological response of gastrin secretion to pH levels in the stomach.
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Which of the following are liver waste products?
- A. bilirubin
- B. bile salts
- C. cholesterol
- D. electrolytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: bilirubin. Bilirubin is a waste product produced during the breakdown of red blood cells in the liver. It is excreted in bile and gives feces its brown color. Bile salts aid in digestion, cholesterol is a lipid used for various functions, and electrolytes are essential for bodily functions but are not liver waste products. Therefore, bilirubin is the only true liver waste product in this list.
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. The type of foods I eat does not affect this condition.'
- B. I will sleep on my left side.'
- C. I will eat a snack just before going to bed.'
- D. I will sleep with the head of my bed elevated.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Elevating the head of the bed helps prevent acid reflux by keeping the stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus while sleeping. This position helps gravity keep the acid in the stomach. Choice A is incorrect because certain foods can indeed trigger or worsen GERD symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as sleeping on the left side may worsen symptoms due to the position of the stomach. Choice C is incorrect as eating right before bed can increase the risk of acid reflux.
A client is admitted to the hospital for a hemorrhoidectomy. Postoperatively, which of the following would a client's nurse be most concerned about?
- A. Pain at the incision site
- B. White blood count of 6.5
- C. Client's refusal of a stool softener
- D. Excessive bloody drainage on the external gauze dressing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because excessive bloody drainage on the external gauze dressing could indicate hemorrhage, a serious complication post-hemorrhoidectomy. This requires immediate medical attention to prevent further complications.
A: Pain at the incision site is expected postoperatively and can be managed with pain medication.
B: A white blood count of 6.5 is within the normal range and not a cause for concern.
C: Client's refusal of a stool softener is important for bowel movement management but is not the most immediate concern compared to excessive bloody drainage.
Which of these enzymes is responsible for the digestion of lipids?
- A. Amylase
- B. Pepsin
- C. Lipase
- D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lipase. Lipase is responsible for the digestion of lipids because it breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Amylase (A) digests carbohydrates, Pepsin (B) digests proteins, and Trypsin (D) also digests proteins but in the small intestine. Lipase is the only enzyme that specifically targets lipids for digestion, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
What information should be included in the dietary teaching for the patient following a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass?
- A. Avoid sugary foods and limit fluids to prevent dumping syndrome.
- B. Gradually increase the amount of food ingested to preoperative levels.
- C. Maintain a long-term liquid diet to prevent damage to the surgical site.
- D. Consume foods high in complex carbohydrates, protein, and fiber to add bulk to contents.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid sugary foods and limit fluids to prevent dumping syndrome. After a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the patient's stomach size is reduced, making it important to avoid sugary foods that can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar and lead to dumping syndrome. Dumping syndrome occurs when food moves too quickly from the stomach to the small intestine, causing symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness. Limiting fluids can also help prevent this by slowing down digestion. Choices B and C are incorrect as increasing food intake rapidly or maintaining a liquid diet long-term can be harmful post-surgery. Choice D is incorrect because consuming foods high in complex carbohydrates, protein, and fiber can be difficult for the patient to digest due to the altered anatomy.