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he theorist who believes that children actively construct knowledge is
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. B.F. Skinner
- C. Albert Bandura
- D. John Dewey
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Piaget's constructivism posits that children actively build knowledge through interaction with their environment.
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A grieving patient tells a nurse, Its been eight months since my spouse died. I thought I would feel better by now, but lately I feel worse. I have no energy. I am lonely, but I dont want to be around people. What should I do? What is the nurses best counsel?
- A. Seek psychotherapy.
- B. Become active in a church.
- C. Go to the spouses grave every day.
- D. Understand this is a normal response.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient needs understanding and support that the feelings are normal. Although feelings of depression generally decline over the period of a year after the death of a loved one, the decline is not linear. Loneliness and aimlessness are most pronounced 6 to 9 months after the death. The patient should be educated about normal phenomena experienced during bereavement. The other options are not clearly indicated.
The child's ability to understand cause and effect develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cause-and-effect understanding begins in the sensorimotor stage through actions (Piaget).
In the Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide, which of the following aspects is described in detail in the Guide?
- A. What to do.
- B. How to do.
- C. Why it is done.
- D. Pitfalls to avoid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mhGAP-IG provides detailed guidance on 'what to do' for managing priority conditions in primary care.
The child's ability to understand consequences develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding consequences, tied to logical thinking, develops in the concrete operational stage (Piaget).
The primary advantage of a heterogeneous therapeutic group is that:
- A. There will be a variety of backgrounds represented in the group.
- B. Individuals will be expected to function outside their comfort zone.
- C. An opportunity to examine experiences from varied points of view will exist.
- D. Members will see that they are not alone and that others have problems as well.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a heterogeneous therapeutic group allows members to examine their experiences from varied points of view. This can lead to greater insight, empathy, and understanding among group members. By hearing different perspectives, individuals can gain new insights into their own struggles and learn from others' experiences. This process can enhance personal growth, promote tolerance, and foster a sense of community within the group.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while they may be potential advantages of a therapeutic group, they do not specifically address the primary advantage of a heterogeneous group, which is the opportunity to examine experiences from varied points of view. Choice A focuses on diversity in backgrounds, choice B on stepping outside comfort zones, and choice D on creating a sense of solidarity among group members. However, these advantages are not as directly related to the main benefit of a heterogeneous group as choice C.