Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions

Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Related

Review Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions related questions and content

How do hormones and neurotransmitters interact?

  • A. NONE OF THE ABOVE (They are both chemical messengers that can sometimes be chemically identical and both produce molecules that act on receptors)
  • B. Hormones travel through the synaptic cleft while neurotransmitters travel through the bloodstream.
  • C. Hormones act on receptors while neurotransmitters travel through the bloodstream.
  • D. Both travel through the bloodstream to reach their target tissues.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because hormones and neurotransmitters are both chemical messengers that can sometimes be chemically identical and produce molecules that act on receptors in target cells. This is correct as both hormones and neurotransmitters are signaling molecules that carry messages between cells.

Choice B is incorrect because hormones typically travel through the bloodstream to reach target tissues, while neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic cleft to transmit signals between neurons.

Choice C is incorrect because hormones also act on receptors in target cells, not just neurotransmitters. Both hormones and neurotransmitters can act on specific receptors to elicit a cellular response.

Choice D is incorrect because neurotransmitters primarily travel through the synaptic cleft to reach the target cell, while hormones travel through the bloodstream to reach their target tissues.

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Thyroxine:

  • A. is mostly bound to albumin in the plasma, since this has the largest capacity
  • B. is 2-5 times more potent that triiodothyronine (T3)
  • C. stimulates TSH release
  • D. ∼33% is deiodinated in the liver to T3
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Thyroxine is deiodinated in the liver to T3, so approximately 33% of thyroxine is converted to the more active form, triiodothyronine. This conversion is important for regulating metabolic processes in the body. Choices A and C are incorrect because thyroxine is primarily bound to thyroxine-binding globulin in the plasma, not albumin, and it does not stimulate TSH release. Choice B is incorrect because T3 is actually more potent than thyroxine, not the other way around.

Cushing syndrome:

  • A. may be caused by steroid (prednisone) therapy.
  • B. is caused by adrenal insufficiency.
  • C. is characterized by hypoglycemia and low blood volume.
  • D. is treated with growth hormone.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because Cushing syndrome is typically caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol, which can result from steroid therapy like prednisone. This leads to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and muscle weakness. Adrenal insufficiency (B) is actually the opposite condition. Cushing syndrome is characterized by hyperglycemia and increased blood volume, making choices C incorrect. Growth hormone is not a primary treatment for Cushing syndrome, making choice D incorrect.

Mrs. A., a 50-year-old female, has had symptoms of Cushing syndrome for several years. Mrs. A. states she is 5'5\ tall and weighs 160 lb but the nurse who measured and weighed Mrs. A. states she is only 5' tall. What is the best explanation for this discrepancy?"

  • A. Mrs. A. is old and forgetful
  • B. Mrs. A. has had previous back surgery
  • C. The nurse has measured Mrs. A. incorrectly
  • D. Osteoporosis and kyphosis have caused height loss
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Osteoporosis and kyphosis are common in patients with Cushing syndrome, leading to a loss of height.

Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they __________.

  • A. they act locally, not on distal organs as do true hormones
  • B. don't have target organs
  • C. mediate inflammatory reactions
  • D. are lipid in nature
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they act locally, not on distal organs like true hormones. Eicosanoids are produced and released in response to specific stimuli at the site of action, affecting nearby cells. This local action distinguishes them from true hormones, which are produced in one part of the body and travel through the bloodstream to distant target organs to elicit a response. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because eicosanoids do have target organs (B), mediate inflammatory reactions (C), and are lipid in nature (D), but these characteristics do not define them as hormones.

Calcitonin is a hormone of which of following:

  • A. Adrenal cortex.
  • B. Thyroid gland.
  • C. Pituitary gland.
  • D. Thymus gland.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It helps regulate calcium levels in the body by inhibiting bone breakdown and lowering blood calcium levels. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing various hormones, including calcitonin. Adrenal cortex (A) produces hormones like cortisol, Pituitary gland (C) produces hormones like growth hormone, and Thymus gland (D) is involved in immune function, not hormone regulation. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Thyroid gland).

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