Nokea
How does lifestyle modification improve fertility in women?
- A. It guarantees successful conception within one cycle.
- B. Maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress improve hormonal balance and ovulation.
- C. Eliminating all carbohydrates enhances egg quality.
- D. Exercise has no role in supporting fertility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress can improve hormonal balance and ovulation, leading to increased fertility. Healthy lifestyle choices positively impact reproductive health by regulating menstrual cycles and promoting optimal conditions for conception. Eliminating all carbohydrates (choice C) is not necessary and can be harmful as the body needs a balanced diet. Exercise (choice D) plays a crucial role in supporting fertility by promoting overall health and reducing stress, contrary to the statement that exercise has no role in fertility. Choice A is incorrect as successful conception is not guaranteed within one cycle with lifestyle modifications.
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A patient asks how ovulation predictor kits work. What should the nurse explain?
- A. They measure estrogen levels in the blood.
- B. They detect the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine.
- C. They confirm pregnancy after ovulation.
- D. They monitor basal body temperature.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ovulation predictor kits work by detecting the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in urine. LH surge triggers ovulation within 24-48 hours. This surge can be detected in urine, indicating that ovulation is about to occur. Estrogen levels (A) fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle but are not directly related to ovulation. Pregnancy confirmation (C) occurs after ovulation and fertilization. Basal body temperature (D) monitoring helps track ovulation patterns but does not predict ovulation directly.
Lisa, a 35-year-old practicing attorney and marathon runner, presents to the clinic with a complaint of irregular menses. She tells the nurse, 'My husband and I want to start a family but it hasn't happened yet. We stopped using birth control 6 months ago. Should we be concerned?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Relax and it will happen.
- B. No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- C. Aging and extreme exercise regimens may impact fertility. You should address your concerns with your provider during today's visit.
- D. Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it addresses Lisa's concerns about fertility in a comprehensive and logical manner. Firstly, it acknowledges the potential impact of aging and extreme exercise on fertility, which is important considering Lisa's age and marathon running. Secondly, it emphasizes the importance of discussing her concerns with her healthcare provider during the visit, ensuring a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance. This response shows understanding of the possible factors contributing to her irregular menses and infertility concerns.
Now, let's analyze the other choices:
A: "Relax and it will happen" is dismissive and lacks medical advice or addressing potential underlying causes of infertility.
B: "No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse" provides a definition of infertility but does not offer practical advice or address Lisa's specific situation.
D: "Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving" assumes exercise is the sole factor affecting fertility and oversimplifies the issue without considering other potential causes.
The nurse is counseling a pregnant couple who are both carriers for phenylketonuria (PKU), an autosomal recessive disease. Which of the following comments by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. I wish I could give you good news
- B. but because this is your first pregnancy
- C. your child will definitely have PKU.
- D. Congratulations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Each child has a 25% chance of having PKU, a 50% chance of being a carrier, and a 25% chance of being unaffected.
What is the primary role of progesterone in early pregnancy?
- A. To stimulate fetal development.
- B. To maintain the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy.
- C. To trigger ovulation and release of the egg.
- D. To increase the production of amniotic fluid.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To maintain the uterine lining for implantation and pregnancy. Progesterone is crucial in early pregnancy as it helps in thickening and maintaining the uterine lining to support implantation of the fertilized egg and sustain the pregnancy. It also plays a role in suppressing the immune response to prevent rejection of the embryo.
A: To stimulate fetal development - Incorrect. Progesterone primarily focuses on preparing the uterus for pregnancy rather than directly stimulating fetal development.
C: To trigger ovulation and release of the egg - Incorrect. Progesterone is involved in the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation has occurred and is not responsible for triggering ovulation.
D: To increase the production of amniotic fluid - Incorrect. Progesterone does not directly impact the production of amniotic fluid, which is mainly regulated by the fetal kidneys and placenta.
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to evaluate the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes?
- A. Semen analysis.
- B. Endometrial biopsy.
- C. Hysterosalpingography.
- D. Testicular biopsy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hysterosalpingography. This test involves injecting a contrast dye into the uterus and fallopian tubes to evaluate their structure and patency. It helps diagnose issues like blockages or abnormalities. Semen analysis (A) is used to evaluate male fertility, not the uterus or fallopian tubes. Endometrial biopsy (B) is used to evaluate the uterine lining, not the structure of the uterus or fallopian tubes. Testicular biopsy (D) is used to assess male reproductive health, not female reproductive structures. Therefore, C is the correct choice for evaluating the structure and patency of the uterus and fallopian tubes.