NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System

NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System Related

Review NCLEX Questions on Gastrointestinal System related questions and content

How should the nurse explain esomeprazole (Nexium) to a patient with recurring heartburn?

  • A. It reduces gastroesophageal reflux by increasing the rate of gastric emptying.
  • B. It neutralizes stomach acid and provides relief of symptoms in a few minutes.
  • C. It coats and protects the lining of the stomach and esophagus from gastric acid.
  • D. It treats gastroesophageal reflux disease by decreasing stomach acid production.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because esomeprazole (Nexium) is a proton pump inhibitor that works by decreasing stomach acid production, thereby treating gastroesophageal reflux disease. This explanation is important for the patient to understand the mechanism of action of the medication.

Choice A is incorrect because esomeprazole does not increase the rate of gastric emptying; instead, it reduces acid production. Choice B is incorrect because esomeprazole does not neutralize stomach acid immediately; it takes a few days to reach its full effect. Choice C is incorrect because esomeprazole does not coat and protect the stomach and esophagus; it works by reducing acid production.

In summary, the correct answer is D because it accurately describes how esomeprazole works to manage recurring heartburn by decreasing stomach acid production, which is essential for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease.

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What is the most common cause of secondary protein-calorie malnutrition in the United States?

  • A. The unavailability of foods high in protein
  • B. A lack of knowledge about nutritional needs
  • C. A lack of money to purchase high-protein foods
  • D. An alteration in ingestion absorption or metabolism
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because an alteration in ingestion, absorption, or metabolism can lead to secondary protein-calorie malnutrition. This can occur due to various medical conditions affecting the digestive system, such as malabsorption syndromes or metabolic disorders. The other choices are incorrect because the primary cause of secondary protein-calorie malnutrition in the US is not the unavailability of high-protein foods, lack of knowledge about nutritional needs, or lack of money to purchase such foods. These factors may contribute to malnutrition but are not the most common cause in this context.

Salivary glands structurally are

  • A. compound tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar glands.
  • B. compound alveolar or acinar glands.
  • C. compound tubular glands.
  • D. simple branched alveolar or acinar glands.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: compound tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar glands. Salivary glands are compound glands with both tubular and alveolar structures, allowing for both secretion and storage of saliva. The tubuloadnar or tubuloalveolar structure allows for efficient production and release of saliva.

Incorrect choices:
B: Compound alveolar or acinar glands - Alveolar and acinar glands do not have the tubular structure required for efficient saliva production.
C: Compound tubular glands - Tubular glands lack the alveolar structure needed for storage and release of saliva.
D: Simple branched alveolar or acinar glands - Simple glands do not have the complexity needed for optimal saliva production and release.

Which is not a feature of digestive motility?

  • A. Peristalsis only involves forward movements
  • B. Segmentation involves mechanical digestion of food
  • C. Peristalsis is present in the oesophagus, stomach and small/large intestines
  • D. Segmentation is present in the stomach, small and large intestines
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Peristalsis involves coordinated waves of muscle contractions that propel food forward. However, peristalsis can also involve backward movements to help with mixing and digestion. Therefore, the statement that peristalsis only involves forward movements is incorrect. Segmentation involves mixing and breaking down food through contractions that occur in non-unidirectional patterns. Peristalsis can be found in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, while segmentation is mainly present in the small intestine. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect based on the explanations provided.

The falciform ligament separates the right from _____ lobe.

  • A. quadrate
  • B. left
  • C. caudate
  • D. pancreatic
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The falciform ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver. This is because it attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and suspends it from the diaphragm, dividing the liver into right and left lobes. The quadrate, caudate, and pancreatic lobes are not separated by the falciform ligament, making choices A, C, and D incorrect, respectively.

The following is true about the small intestine:

  • A. Stores food for several hours
  • B. Is the main source of digestive enzymes
  • C. Has haustrae
  • D. Has segmentation contractions
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The small intestine has segmentation contractions. This is because segmentation contractions are responsible for mixing and moving chyme (partially digested food) along the small intestine, allowing for optimal nutrient absorption. This process helps maximize the contact between chyme and the intestinal walls, facilitating absorption.

A: Incorrect. The small intestine does not store food for several hours; instead, it continuously processes and absorbs nutrients.

B: Incorrect. While the small intestine plays a crucial role in digestion and absorption, the main source of digestive enzymes is the pancreas.

C: Incorrect. Haustrae are found in the large intestine, not the small intestine. They aid in the absorption of water and electrolytes.

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