Nokea
In evaluating the effectiveness of a new insulin dosage for a diabetic patient, the nurse would
- A. check the urine for sugar and acetone
- B. collect a 24-hour urine specimen for acetone determination
- C. weigh the patient daily
- D. rotate the site of injection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking urine for sugar and acetone provides a quick measure of whether the insulin dosage is adequate in controlling blood glucose levels.
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Some medications for relief of cold/allergy symptoms contain pseudoephedrine, which acts as a decongestant. If a patient who is taking an MAO inhibitor takes pseudoephedrine, what is the likely outcome?
- A. Acute bronchospasm/asthma due to ACh release from the adrenal medulla
- B. Hypertensive crisis, possible stroke
- C. Heart rate and contractile force would drop significantly and quickly
- D. The cold symptoms would quickly get worse (increased secretions)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: MAO inhibitors prevent the breakdown of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine.
Step 2: Pseudoephedrine stimulates the release of norepinephrine.
Step 3: The combination can lead to excessive norepinephrine, causing hypertension and potential stroke.
Therefore, the likely outcome when a patient taking an MAO inhibitor also takes pseudoephedrine is a hypertensive crisis and possible stroke (Choice B).
Summary:
- Choice A (acute bronchospasm/asthma due to ACh release from the adrenal medulla) is incorrect because pseudoephedrine does not directly cause this response.
- Choice C (heart rate and contractile force would drop significantly and quickly) is incorrect as pseudoephedrine tends to increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- Choice D (the cold symptoms would quickly get worse - increased secretions) is incorrect as pseudoephedrine is a decongestant and would not worsen cold symptoms
Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.
- A. enzymes
- B. antibodies
- C. proteins
- D. hormones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: hormones. Hormones are chemical substances secreted by cells into extracellular fluids to regulate metabolic functions in other cells. They act as messengers, traveling through the bloodstream to target tissues. Enzymes (A) are catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. Antibodies (B) are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens. Proteins (C) are essential macromolecules for various cellular functions but do not specifically regulate metabolic functions in other cells like hormones do.
You are providing care for a patient who underwent thyroidectomy 2 days ago. Which laboratory value requires close monitoring?
- A. Calcium
- B. Sodium
- C. Potassium
- D. White blood cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium levels should be closely monitored after a thyroidectomy due to the risk of hypocalcemia caused by damage or removal of the parathyroid glands.
Effects of Hypothyroidism Include All but This
- A. Diarrhoea
- B. Lethargy
- C. Anorexia
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diarrhoea. Hypothyroidism is associated with decreased metabolic function, leading to symptoms such as lethargy, anorexia, and weight gain. Diarrhoea is not typically a symptom of hypothyroidism; instead, it can be seen in conditions like hyperthyroidism where there is an excess of thyroid hormone. In hypothyroidism, the digestive processes slow down, which can lead to constipation rather than diarrhoea. Therefore, the effects of hypothyroidism do not include diarrhoea.
A nurse is taking care of a client with a parathyroid disorder. Which of the following nutrients does a client with hypoparathyroidism need more of?
- A. Potassium
- B. Calcium
- C. Magnesium
- D. Sodium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients with hypoparathyroidism need more calcium, as the condition involves low calcium levels due to insufficient parathyroid hormone.