Nokea
Match the following terms (1-6) with their respective meanings (A-F).
- A. 1A-2B-3E-4F-5C-6D
- B. 1D-2C-3A-4B-5E-6F
- C. 1D-2C-3B-4E-5A-6F
- D. 1C-2A-3B-4E-5F-6D
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct match for the terms is:
1 - D
2 - C
3 - B
4 - E
5 - A
6 - F
Rationale:
1. Term 1 corresponds to definition D, as per choice C.
2. Term 2 matches with definition C, as per choice C.
3. Term 3 aligns with definition B, as per choice C.
4. Term 4 correlates with definition E, as per choice C.
5. Term 5 matches with definition A, as per choice C.
6. Term 6 corresponds to definition F, as per choice C.
Summary:
- Choice A has incorrect matches for terms 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6.
- Choice B has incorrect matches for terms 1, 2, 3, and 4.
- Choice D has incorrect matches for terms 1, 2, 4, and 6.
Therefore, the correct answer
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- A. Modifies the inflammatory response to prevent stimulation of pain
- B. Increases body temperature, resulting in destruction of microorganisms
- C. Produces prostaglandins and leukotrienes that increase blood flow, edema, and pain
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Correct Answer: D
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According to the hygiene hypothesis, which of the following factors protect us from developing immune diseases?
- A. Small family size
- B. Good sanitation
- C. Low antibiotic use
- D. Living in "westernized" countries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Low antibiotic use. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that reduced exposure to infections, which can happen with low antibiotic use, can lead to an increased risk of immune diseases. Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in immune system development. A: Small family size may not necessarily protect against immune diseases as it does not directly relate to exposure to infections. B: Good sanitation can reduce the spread of infections but may not necessarily protect against immune diseases. D: Living in "westernized" countries is a broad factor and does not directly address the impact of low antibiotic use on immune diseases.
The reason for naming the closed circulatory systems
- A. Carries blood in opens vessels
- B. Moves blood through the veins and arteries
- C. Blood stays confined to vessels
- D. Returns blood to the heart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a closed circulatory system means that blood stays confined to vessels, providing efficient transport and preventing blood loss. Option A is incorrect because a closed system does not have open vessels. Option B is incorrect because veins and arteries are part of both closed and open circulatory systems. Option D is incorrect because returning blood to the heart is a function of both closed and open circulatory systems.
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- A. Secreting cytokines
- B. Binding and destroying pathogens
- C. Displaying antigen fragments for T cell recognition
- D. Producing antibodies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, displaying antigen fragments for T cell recognition. MHC molecules bind to antigen fragments and present them on the cell surface for T cells to recognize. This process is crucial for activating the immune response. Choice A is incorrect as MHC molecules do not secrete cytokines. Choice B is incorrect as MHC molecules do not directly destroy pathogens. Choice D is incorrect as MHC molecules do not produce antibodies; that is the function of B cells.
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- A. To act as a physical barrier to pathogens
- B. To orchestrate and drive immune responses
- C. To destroy red blood cells
- D. To generate antibodies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To orchestrate and drive immune responses. Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate various aspects of the immune response, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and differentiation. They regulate communication between immune cells to mount an effective defense against pathogens.
A: To act as a physical barrier to pathogens - Incorrect. Physical barriers include skin and mucous membranes, not cytokines.
C: To destroy red blood cells - Incorrect. Cytokines are not involved in destroying red blood cells.
D: To generate antibodies - Incorrect. While cytokines can influence antibody production, their primary role is not in generating antibodies.