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Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Learn self-control and the ability to express oneself and cooperate
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increasing independence with praise supports autonomy vs. shame/doubt, encouraging self-control and cooperation.
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Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. People may not achieve all the stages of moral development and Fowler's stages of spiritual development may be biased to Western cultures. What is important to take away from the information in your textbook about moral and spiritual development?
- A. Development along these lines is erratic.
- B. Moral and spiritual development may be influenced by many factors.
- C. All people have moral and spiritual aspects to their personalities.
- D. It is best to assume that people are morally and spiritually developed.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Moral and spiritual development are influenced by various factors (e.g., culture, environment) and are universal aspects of personality, but progression is not guaranteed or uniform.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Postconventional Level: Focus
- A. Following internal moral principles
- B. Avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain
- C. Maintaining social order
- D. Upholding universal ethics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The focus of Kohlberg's postconventional level is on following internal moral principles and upholding universal ethics, often prioritizing justice and human rights.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Seek sense of self and plan according to one's abilities
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Keeping realistic expectations supports identity vs. role confusion, helping teens plan according to their abilities.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Trust vs. mistrust
- A. Birth to 18 months
- B. 18 months to 3 years
- C. 3 years to 5 years
- D. 5 years to 12 years
- E. 12 years to 18 years
- F. 18 years to 40 years
- G. 40 years to 65 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage occurs from birth to 18 months, where infants develop trust through consistent care.
Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Develop intimate relationships and choose a career
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Avoiding criticism of relationships supports intimacy vs. isolation, aiding in relationship and career development.