Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions

Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Related

Review Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions related questions and content

Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood-pressure are indications of _______.

  • A. diabetes mellitus
  • B. hypoglycemia
  • C. hypothyroidism
  • D. hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: hyperthyroidism. Nervousness, increased body temperature, and increased blood pressure are classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism. This condition is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to an excess production of thyroid hormones. These hormones can cause an increase in metabolism, leading to symptoms such as nervousness, heat intolerance, and elevated heart rate. Diabetes mellitus (A) is not associated with increased body temperature or blood pressure. Hypoglycemia (B) is characterized by low blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms such as dizziness and confusion, not increased body temperature. Hypothyroidism (C) is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance, not increased body temperature or blood pressure.

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Chief cells secrete:

  • A. HCl
  • B. pepsinogen
  • C. intrinsic factor
  • D. HCO3-
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chief cells in the gastric glands of the stomach secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor of pepsin, which is an enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins. This process aids in the digestion of proteins in the stomach. Chief cells do not secrete HCl (A), which is secreted by parietal cells. Intrinsic factor (C) is secreted by parietal cells and is essential for vitamin B12 absorption, not by chief cells. HCO3- (D) is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum, not by chief cells in the stomach.

All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT

  • A. adrenal glands.
  • B. sweat glands.
  • C. parathyroid glands.
  • D. pineal gland.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: sweat glands. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, affecting various organs and tissues. Sweat glands, on the other hand, are exocrine glands that release sweat through ducts onto the skin's surface to regulate body temperature. Adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline (A), parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the body (C), and the pineal gland produces melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles (D). Therefore, sweat glands do not fit the definition of an endocrine gland, making them the correct choice.

Which of the following posterior pituitary hormones causes the kidney to decrease its excretion of urine?

  • A. ADH
  • B. ACTH
  • C. Aldosterone
  • D. Oxytocin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct answer: A (ADH)

Rationale:
1. ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, leading to decreased urine output.
2. ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal glands, not the kidneys.
3. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to regulate electrolyte balance, not directly affecting urine volume.
4. Oxytocin primarily functions in uterine contractions and milk ejection, not in kidney function.

Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are:

  • A. most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.
  • B. characteristic of diabetes insipidus.
  • C. the consequences of a hormone-secreting tumor of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
  • D. indicative of a deficiency of ADH.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice A being correct:
1. Hyperglycemia is high blood sugar due to insufficient insulin to regulate glucose levels.
2. Glucosuria is the presence of glucose in urine, indicating excess blood sugar not being reabsorbed.
3. Polyuria is increased urine production due to osmotic diuresis from excess glucose in the urine.
4. Acidosis results from the breakdown of fats in the absence of sufficient glucose utilization.
5. All these symptoms align with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, where insulin deficiency leads to these metabolic disturbances.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to inadequate ADH, not hyperglycemia.
C: Hormone-secreting tumor of beta cells would lead to hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia.
D: ADH deficiency would result in dilute urine and electrolyte imbalances

What manifestations of endocrine problems in the older adult are commonly attributed to the aging process?

  • A. Tremors and paresthesias
  • B. Fatigue and mental impairment
  • C. Hyperpigmentation and oily skin
  • D. Fluid retention and hypertension
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Fatigue and mental impairment are often attributed to normal aging but may indicate an underlying endocrine disorder such as hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency.

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