Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions

Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Related

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Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla. The tumor results in extraordinarily high blood noradrenaline levels. What drug or drug combination can block all of the adrenergic receptors and normalize all the signs and symptoms caused by pheochromocytoma?

  • A. Propranolol
  • B. Phentolamine
  • C. Phentolamine plus propranolol
  • D. Atropine plus phenylephrine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - Phentolamine plus propranolol. Phentolamine is an alpha-adrenergic blocker that can counteract the effects of high noradrenaline levels, while propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker that can further control the symptoms by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. Combining both drugs can effectively block all adrenergic receptors and normalize the signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma.

A: Propranolol alone cannot block all adrenergic receptors, as it only targets beta receptors.
B: Phentolamine alone can block alpha receptors but does not address the beta receptors.
D: Atropine plus phenylephrine combination does not cover all adrenergic receptors involved in pheochromocytoma.

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Each of the following parasympathomimetics is paired with an appropriate therapeutic use EXCEPT:

  • A. Physostigmine - eye drops in glaucoma
  • B. Neostigmine - postoperative retention of urine
  • C. Edrophonium - diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
  • D. Parathion - organophosphorus poisoning
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because parathion is not a parasympathomimetic drug; it is an organophosphorus insecticide. Physostigmine (A), Neostigmine (B), and Edrophonium (C) are all parasympathomimetics used for their respective therapeutic purposes. Physostigmine is used in glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure, Neostigmine is used to treat postoperative urinary retention by improving bladder emptying, and Edrophonium is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis by temporarily improving muscle strength. In contrast, parathion is not a medication but a toxic substance used in insecticides, and it does not have any therapeutic use as a parasympathomimetic drug.

Chief cells secrete:

  • A. HCl
  • B. pepsinogen
  • C. intrinsic factor
  • D. HCO3-
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chief cells in the gastric glands of the stomach secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor of pepsin, which is an enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins. This process aids in the digestion of proteins in the stomach. Chief cells do not secrete HCl (A), which is secreted by parietal cells. Intrinsic factor (C) is secreted by parietal cells and is essential for vitamin B12 absorption, not by chief cells. HCO3- (D) is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the duodenum, not by chief cells in the stomach.

A nurse is collecting data about the diet history of a client who has low blood sugar. Which of the following would be an important consideration in the diet history?

  • A. Consumption of health foods
  • B. Consumption of sea salt and kelp
  • C. Consumption of seafood
  • D. Consumption of carbohydrates
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For clients with low blood sugar, it is important to assess their carbohydrate intake, as carbohydrates affect blood glucose levels.

Calcitonin is a hormone of which of following:

  • A. Adrenal cortex.
  • B. Thyroid gland.
  • C. Pituitary gland.
  • D. Thymus gland.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It helps regulate calcium levels in the body by inhibiting bone breakdown and lowering blood calcium levels. The thyroid gland is responsible for producing various hormones, including calcitonin. Adrenal cortex (A) produces hormones like cortisol, Pituitary gland (C) produces hormones like growth hormone, and Thymus gland (D) is involved in immune function, not hormone regulation. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Thyroid gland).

Glucagon

  • A. Accelerates protein synthesis within cells
  • B. Accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose
  • C. Decreases the conversion of glycogen into glucose
  • D. Slows down glucose formation from lactic acid
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver into glucose, increasing blood glucose levels. This process, called glycogenolysis, is crucial during times of low blood sugar to maintain energy levels. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because glucagon does not directly affect protein synthesis within cells, decrease glycogen conversion into glucose, or slow down glucose formation from lactic acid.

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