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people are often in need of regular assistance because their health has declined significantly.
- A. 65-75 years old
- B. 75-85 years old
- C. 85-95 years old
- D. 95-100 years old
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The 85-95 age group often requires regular assistance due to significant health decline associated with advanced aging.
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Which organs of the body are primarily responsible for metabolizing and eliminating medications from the body?
- A. Gastrointestinal tract and kidneys
- B. Pancreas and lungs
- C. Liver and gastrointestinal tract
- D. Liver and kidneys
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The liver metabolizes medications, and the kidneys eliminate them, making these organs primarily responsible for drug processing in the body.
Decreased renal function is associated with old age. Which of the following tests give information about renal function?
- A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell count, and hematocrit
- C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and white blood cell count
- D. Creatinine, hematocrit, and liver function tests (LFTs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BUN, creatinine, and GFR are specific tests that assess renal function, indicating kidney performance.
Which of the following are interventions that address the issues of osteoporosis and the risk for broken bones?
- A. Make sure stairs are well lighted and that handrails are present.
- B. Suggest the patient lift light weights and wear ankle weights on his or her daily walk.
- C. Tell the patient which foods are high in potassium.
- D. Suggest the patient use an emergency help signaling device.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Proper lighting and handrails prevent falls, while weight-bearing exercises strengthen bones, reducing osteoporosis-related fracture risk.
One reason polypharmacy occurs is because an older individual has several different health-care providers prescribing medications for him or her and each is unaware of what the other has prescribed.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lack of coordination among providers contributes to polypharmacy, increasing drug interaction risks.
An elderly patient with a hearing problem and mild confusion is not being cooperative regarding his need for a morning bath. The UAP in charge of his hygiene for the morning is frustrated and upset; she exclaims, 'Mr. Anderson isn't listening to a word I say!' Which of the following responses by the charge nurse represents effective supervision in this situation?
- A. Patient care can be frustrating at times. Mr. A. has a hearing impairment, which probably adds to his confusion. It helps the hearing impaired if you face them directly when you speak and then speak slowly. Try demonstrating what you want him to do as you speak to him, if that makes sense for the situation. I'll come and check on you right after I administer this insulin.'
- B. It sounds like you need a break. Take a few minutes to calm down and then get back to Mr. A. He'll probably be done washing by the time you get back.'
- C. I know how you feel. Mr. A. can be very hard to work with. You should get the other aide to help you. Speak loudly into his left ear. That's his good ear.'
- D. You know, it really isn't right for nurses to get frustrated with patients who can't help the way they act. You're a better aide than that. Remember, Mr. A. is old and confused and doesn't mean any harm. Go back in there and try again. Call me if you need help.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This response provides constructive guidance by addressing the patient's hearing impairment and confusion, offering specific communication strategies, and ensuring follow-up support, demonstrating effective supervision.