Nokea
Select the single most accurate statement about the absorptive area of the human intestine?
- A. The absorptive area is equivalent to that of a tennis court
- B. All of the options given are correct
- C. Changes in motility increase the contact time between nutrients and absorptive surface
- D. The presence of folds, villi and microvilli on the surface of enterocytes magnifies the absorptive area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the presence of folds, villi, and microvilli on the surface of enterocytes significantly increases the absorptive area of the intestine. The folds increase the surface area, villi further increase the surface area, and microvilli further amplify the absorptive surface. This intricate structure allows for efficient absorption of nutrients. Option A is incorrect as the absorptive area is not equivalent to a tennis court. Option B is incorrect because not all options are correct. Option C is incorrect because changes in motility can affect nutrient absorption but do not directly relate to the absorptive area of the intestine like the structural features mentioned in option D.
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After eating or drinking dairy products like cheese and milk, you have intestinal cramps, bloating and diarrhea. You most likely have
- A. lactose intolerance.
- B. diabetes mellitus, Type I.
- C. heartburn.
- D. peritonitis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: lactose intolerance. This is due to the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in dairy products, leading to symptoms like intestinal cramps, bloating, and diarrhea. This is a common condition caused by a deficiency of lactase enzyme.
Choice B: Diabetes mellitus, Type I, is incorrect as it is an autoimmune condition affecting insulin production, not digestion of dairy products.
Choice C: Heartburn is incorrect as it is a symptom of acid reflux, not related to dairy product intolerance.
Choice D: Peritonitis is incorrect as it is an inflammation of the abdominal lining, usually caused by infection or injury, not related to dairy product intolerance.
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
- A. absorbing nutrients
- B. absorbing water and electrolytes
- C. digesting proteins
- D. secreting digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the indigestible food residue passed from the small intestine. This absorption process helps in forming solid waste (feces) and maintaining body fluid balance. Absorbing nutrients (Option A) primarily occurs in the small intestine. Digesting proteins (Option C) mainly takes place in the stomach and small intestine. The secretion of digestive enzymes (Option D) also primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine, not in the large intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
The family members of a patient with hepatitis A ask if there is anything that will prevent them from developing the disease. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. No immunization is available for hepatitis A, nor are you likely to get the disease.'
- B. All family members should receive the hepatitis A vaccine to prevent or modify the infection.'
- C. Those who have had household or close contact with the patient should receive immune globulin.'
- D. Only those individuals who have had sexual contact with the patient should receive immunization.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Those who have had household or close contact with the patient should receive immune globulin. This is because immune globulin can provide passive immunity to those exposed to hepatitis A, reducing the risk of developing the disease. Hepatitis A vaccine is not effective post-exposure, so it would not prevent disease in this scenario (option B). Option A is incorrect as there is a vaccine available for hepatitis A. Option D is incorrect because hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through fecal-oral route, not sexual contact.
A 25-yr-old male patient calls the clinic reporting diarrhea for 24 hours. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Inform the patient that testing of blood and stools will be neede
- C. Suggest that the patient drink clear liquid fluids with electrolytes.
- D. Ask the patient to describe the stools and any associated symptoms.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to describe the stools and associated symptoms helps the nurse gather important information for assessment. Understanding the frequency, consistency, color, and presence of blood in the stools can help determine the severity and potential causes of diarrhea. This information guides the nurse in deciding the appropriate next steps for care. Option A is incorrect as testing should be based on assessment findings. Option C is premature without assessing the patient first. Option B lacks relevance to the assessment process.
When assessing a patient with acute pancreatitis, the nurse would expect to find
- A. hyperactive bowel sounds.
- B. hypertension and tachycardia.
- C. a temperature greater than 102°F (38.9°C).
- D. severe midepigastric or left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because severe midepigastric or LUQ pain is a classic symptom of acute pancreatitis due to inflammation of the pancreas. This pain is usually persistent and can radiate to the back.
A: Hyperactive bowel sounds are not typically associated with acute pancreatitis but rather with conditions like gastroenteritis.
B: Hypertension and tachycardia are not specific to acute pancreatitis and can be seen in various medical conditions.
C: While fever can be present in acute pancreatitis, a specific temperature greater than 102°F is not a defining characteristic.