Endocrine Review of Systems Questions

Endocrine Review of Systems Questions Related

Review Endocrine Review of Systems Questions related questions and content

Sometimes prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as ________.

  • A. diabetes mellitus
  • B. cellular inhibition
  • C. down-regulation
  • D. metabolism of protein kinases
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: down-regulation. Prolonged exposure to high hormone concentrations can lead to down-regulation, where cells decrease their responsiveness to the hormone by reducing the number of hormone receptors. This is a regulatory mechanism to prevent overstimulation.

A: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, usually caused by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, not directly related to prolonged exposure to high hormone concentrations.

B: Cellular inhibition is a broad term that may refer to various cellular processes being inhibited, but it is not a specific phenomenon resulting from prolonged exposure to high hormone concentrations.

D: Metabolism of protein kinases is a cellular process involved in signal transduction, but it is not a direct consequence of prolonged exposure to high hormone concentrations.

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Which of these is true of the endocrine system?

  • A. secretes hormones that are transported to target cells by blood
  • B. causes changes in metabolic activities
  • C. effects are prolonged
  • D. All of above are true.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: The endocrine system secretes hormones that travel through the bloodstream to specific target cells. (Choice A)
Step 2: These hormones regulate metabolic activities in the body. (Choice B)
Step 3: The effects of hormonal actions can last for an extended period, leading to prolonged effects. (Choice C)
Therefore, all the statements A, B, and C are true about the endocrine system, making choice D the correct answer. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass all aspects of the endocrine system's functions.

Mr. Olson, a 55-year-old, adult-onset, non-insulin-dependent diabetic is on a 1500 diabetic diet. He wants to have his nightly bourbon and water. The nurse should explain that

  • A. each ounce of alcohol contains approximately 50 calories
  • B. the bourbon should be mixed with 7-Up or ginger-ale rather than water
  • C. the caloric content of the alcohol must be subtracted from the total diet prescription
  • D. Fermented spirits (beer, wine) would be better if he insists on a nightly drink
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Alcohol contains approximately 50 calories per ounce, and this must be considered in the patient's daily caloric intake.

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT:

  • A. catalyze cyclic AMP
  • B. diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells
  • C. enter the nucleus
  • D. activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Steroids are lipid-soluble molecules, allowing them to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells.
Step 2: Once inside the cell, steroids can enter the nucleus to bind to specific receptors and regulate gene expression.
Step 3: Steroids do not catalyze cyclic AMP; this function is typically associated with non-steroid hormones like adrenaline.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is A because steroids do not catalyze cyclic AMP, unlike other hormones.

What is the speed of the wave?

  • A. 1.5cm/s
  • B. 3.0cm/s
  • C. 300 cm/s
  • D. 600 cm/s
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 600 cm/s. The speed of a wave is determined by the formula speed = frequency x wavelength. Given that the frequency and wavelength are constant, the only way to increase the speed is to increase the frequency or the wavelength. Since both frequency and wavelength are fixed, the speed can only be increased by increasing both. Choice D, 600 cm/s, is double the speed of choice C, 300 cm/s, which indicates that both frequency and wavelength have been doubled, leading to the correct answer. Choices A and B are too low to be correct, as they are not consistent with the principles of wave speed calculation.

Regarding basal metabolic rate:

  • A. it is higher in women
  • B. it is determined at rest within 12 hours after the last meal
  • C. increases by 18% for each 1°C of fever
  • D. is about 40Kcal/m2/h in an average man
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy expended by the body at rest to maintain basic physiological functions. Choice D is correct because it states that BMR is about 40Kcal/m2/h in an average man, which is a commonly accepted value. This is based on the energy needed for essential bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because: A) BMR is generally higher in men due to their higher muscle mass; B) BMR is measured after an overnight fast, not within 12 hours after the last meal; C) Fever typically increases BMR by around 7% per 1°C rise, not 18%.

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