Nokea
What is the hormone produced by adipose tissue which signals satiety?
- A. melatonin
- B. leptin
- C. thymosins
- D. glucagons
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leptin is the correct answer because it is a hormone produced by adipose tissue that signals satiety to the brain, helping regulate energy balance and food intake. Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles, not hunger. Thymosins are involved in immune function. Glucagon is a hormone that increases blood sugar levels, not related to satiety.
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Which is a water soluble vitamin?
- A. D
- B. B12
- C. A
- D. K
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. B12 is a water-soluble vitamin because it dissolves in water and can be easily excreted through urine if taken in excess. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation and neurological function. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they require fat for absorption and are stored in the body's fat tissues, making it harder to excrete excess amounts. This is why B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the choices.
From where is the hormone glucagon secreted?
- A. F cells of the islets of Langerhans
- B. β-Cells of the islets of Langerhans
- C. α-Cells of the islets of Langerhans
- D. Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucagon is secreted by the α-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, helping to raise blood glucose levels.
What is the speed of the wave?
- A. 1.5cm/s
- B. 3.0cm/s
- C. 300 cm/s
- D. 600 cm/s
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 600 cm/s. The speed of a wave is determined by the formula speed = frequency x wavelength. Given that the frequency and wavelength are constant, the only way to increase the speed is to increase the frequency or the wavelength. Since both frequency and wavelength are fixed, the speed can only be increased by increasing both. Choice D, 600 cm/s, is double the speed of choice C, 300 cm/s, which indicates that both frequency and wavelength have been doubled, leading to the correct answer. Choices A and B are too low to be correct, as they are not consistent with the principles of wave speed calculation.
The endocrine gland responsible for the body’s circadian rhythm is:
- A. Thymus
- B. Pineal
- C. Parathyroid
- D. Pituitary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin helps control the sleep-wake cycle, making the pineal gland crucial for maintaining our internal body clock. The other choices, Thymus, Parathyroid, and Pituitary glands, are not directly involved in regulating circadian rhythms. Thymus is responsible for immune function, Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, and Pituitary gland controls various hormones but not specifically circadian rhythm. Hence, the pineal gland is the correct choice for this question.
The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of __________.
- A. pancreatic hormones
- B. steroid hormones
- C. catecholamines
- D. pituitary gland hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: steroid hormones. Steroid hormones are known to regulate gene expression by binding to specific receptors and influencing transcription processes. They can directly affect the transcription of new messenger RNA in the cell. Pancreatic hormones (A), catecholamines (C), and pituitary gland hormones (D) are not directly involved in the transcription of new messenger RNA. Pancreatic hormones primarily regulate blood sugar levels, catecholamines are involved in the fight-or-flight response, and pituitary gland hormones regulate various functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.