Nokea
Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disease. Both parents have been identified as heterozygous. There is a _____% chance that their offspring will be affected.
- A. 40%
- B. 50%
- C. 20%
- D. 25%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For an autosomal recessive disorder where both parents are carriers (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance that their offspring will inherit the condition because each child has a 1-in-4 chance of receiving two copies of the mutated gene.
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The nurse has contributed to an educational program for staff members. Which statement made by a staff member indicates a correct understanding of how passive immunity is provided?
- A. Having an acute disease.
- B. Administration of a toxoid.
- C. Administration of a vaccine.
- D. Administration of immunoglobulin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, administration of immunoglobulin, for passive immunity. Immunoglobulin contains pre-formed antibodies that provide immediate protection against specific pathogens. Administering immunoglobulin transfers these antibodies to the recipient, offering temporary immunity. Choice A, having an acute disease, does not involve receiving external antibodies. Choice B, administration of a toxoid, induces active immunity against toxins, not passive immunity. Choice C, administration of a vaccine, stimulates active immunity by triggering the body to produce its antibodies, not providing immediate protection like passive immunity with immunoglobulin.
Which of the following is a major site of immune complex deposition in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
- A. Thyroid
- B. Glomerular basement membrane
- C. Peripheral nerves
- D. Mast cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Glomerular basement membrane. In SLE, immune complexes deposit in various tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. The glomerular basement membrane is a common site for immune complex deposition in SLE, resulting in lupus nephritis. The other choices are incorrect because immune complex deposition does not typically occur in the thyroid, peripheral nerves, or mast cells in SLE. Thyroid involvement in SLE is more related to autoimmune thyroiditis, while peripheral nerves are not a major site for immune complex deposition in this condition. Mast cells are primarily involved in allergic reactions and are not a major target in SLE.
Priority Decision: During care of patients, what is the most important precaution for preventing transmission of infections?
- A. Wearing face and eye protection during routine daily care of the patient
- B. Wearing nonsterile gloves when in contact with body fluids, excretions, and contaminated items
- C. Wearing a gown to protect the skin and clothing during patient care activities likely to soil clothing
- D. Hand washing after touching fluids and secretions and removing gloves, as well as between patient contacts
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene remains the single most effective measure in preventing the spread of infections, even when personal protective equipment (PPE) is used.
You have developed a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements for a hospitalized patient with AIDS who has anorexia and nausea. Which of these nursing actions is most appropriate to delegate to an LPN who is providing care to this patient?
- A. Administer oxandrolone (Oxandrin) 5 mg daily in morning.
- B. Provide oral care with a soft toothbrush every 8 hours.
- C. Instruct the patient about a high-calorie,high-protein diet.
- D. Assess the patient for other nutrition risk factors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Providing oral care is a routine task that can be safely delegated to an LPN. Administering medications instructing about diet and assessing nutrition risk factors require more advanced knowledge and skills which are typically within the scope of an RN.
Vertebrate eyes are Single-lens eyes with
- A. Light is focused by the curved cornea and lens
- B. Changing the shape of the lens focuses near and far
- C. Photoreceptor cells in the retina detect light
- D. All above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because vertebrate eyes have single-lens eyes where light is focused by the curved cornea and lens (A), and changing the shape of the lens allows for focusing at different distances (B). Additionally, photoreceptor cells in the retina detect light (C). Therefore, all of the above statements are true, making D the correct choice. Choice A is incorrect because it does not encompass the entire process of vision in vertebrate eyes, missing the role of changing the lens shape. Choice B is incorrect as it only addresses the lens shape without mentioning the role of the cornea in focusing light. Choice C is incorrect as it only focuses on the function of photoreceptor cells in the retina without considering the lens and cornea's role in focusing light.