Nokea
The clinic is lending a federally approved car seat to an infant's family. The nurse should explain that the safest place to put the car seat is:
- A. front facing in back seat.
- B. rear facing in back seat.
- C. front facing in front seat with air bag on passenger side.
- D. rear facing in front seat if an air bag is on the passenger side.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Placing the car seat rear facing in the back seat is the safest option for an infant. Rear-facing car seats provide the best protection for a baby's head, neck, and spine in the event of a crash. It is recommended to keep infants in a rear-facing position until they reach the maximum weight or height limit allowed by the car seat manufacturer. Placing the car seat in the front seat, especially with an active airbag, can be dangerous for an infant due to the force of deployment in case of an accident. It is important to follow the guidelines for safe car seat use to ensure the protection and well-being of the child.
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Which is descriptive of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
- A. Manifestations exhibited are so bizarre that the diagnosis is fairly easy.
- B. Manifestations affect every aspect of the child's life but are most obvious in the classroom.
- C. Learning disabilities associated with ADHD eventually disappear when adulthood is reached.
- D. Diagnosis of ADHD requires that all manifestations of the disorder be present.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Option B is descriptive of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Manifestations of ADHD can significantly impact the child's life, but are most noticeable in the classroom setting. Children with ADHD may struggle with paying attention, staying organized, controlling impulsive behavior, and following instructions in the school environment. While symptoms can also affect other areas of life, such as social interactions and familial relationships, they are typically most prominently displayed in the structured school setting, making it easier to recognize and diagnose the disorder.
Baby Melody is a neonate who has a very low-birth-weight. Nurse Josie carefully monitors inspiratory pressure and oxygen (O ) concentration to prevent which of the following?
- A. Meconium aspiration syndrome
- B. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
- C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
- D. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A neonate with very low birth weight is at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is a common breathing disorder in premature infants. RDS occurs due to a lack of a substance in the lungs called surfactant, which helps keep the air sacs open and prevents them from collapsing. In neonates with very low birth weight, the lungs may not have produced enough surfactant, leading to breathing difficulties and respiratory distress.
Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for which of the following malignancy?
- A. hepatoblastoma
- B. splenic lymphoma
- C. Hodgkin lymphoma
- D. nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis C is a known risk factor for splenic lymphoma and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
Niklaus was born with hypospadias; which of the following should be avoided when a child has such condition?
- A. Surgery
- B. Circumcision
- C. Intravenous pyelography (IVP)
- D. Catheterization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of the tip. If a child is born with hypospadias, circumcision should be avoided. Circumcision involves removing part of the foreskin, which can cause complications for children with hypospadias, such as affecting future surgical repair procedures or worsening the hypospadias itself. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid circumcision in children with hypospadias.
A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6 months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse expect for this condition?
- A. Loose, wrinkled skin
- B. Edematous skin
- C. Depigmentation of the skin
- D. Dermatoses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by a significant deficiency in calories and protein intake. Symptoms of marasmus include severe wasting of muscle and fat stores, giving the appearance of loose, wrinkled skin due to the loss of subcutaneous fat. Other symptoms may include lethargy, irritability, delayed growth and development, and weakened immune function. Edematous skin is more commonly associated with kwashiorkor, another form of severe malnutrition characterized by protein deficiency with adequate caloric intake. Depigmentation of the skin and dermatoses are not typical symptoms of marasmus.