The concept that observations lead to gaining knowledge is called
- A. Social facilitation
- B. Vicarious learning
- C. Social loafing
- D. Group polarization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vicarious learning (Bandura) is knowledge gained through others' experiences.
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Generally, what is the most appropriate response when a patient asks an offensive question?
- A. Remove oneself from the room to regain control of emotions
- B. Tactfully defend one's position by involving another colleague
- C. Initiate a respectful discussion to prevent a defensive counterreaction
- D. Confront the patient with a defensive response
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respectful discussion de-escalates tension and maintains rapport.
The psychosexual stage associated with pleasure is
- A. Oral
- B. Anal
- C. Phallic
- D. Genital
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The oral stage (birth-1 year, Freud) centers on oral pleasure.
Which of the following approaches is most effective in helping patients change their diet and lifestyle?
- A. Taking a diet and exercise history
- B. Telling patients to eat five servings of vegetables a day
- C. Recommending daily exercise for at least 30 minutes
- D. Emphasizing the importance of weight reduction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A history identifies specific habits for targeted change strategies.
An example of a cause for neglect at the ontogenic level is:
- A. Poor communication skills
- B. Inadequate support from the child's father
- C. Inadequate public funding
- D. Neighbourhood drain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Poor communication skills are an individual (ontogenic) factor contributing to neglect.
The name of client centered approach changed in
- A. 1940
- B. 1950
- C. 1960
- D. 1970
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rogers' client-centered approach evolved and was renamed person-centered in the 1950s.