Nokea
The nurse advises the parents of a child who is in status asthmaticus that if not corrected, the result could be:
- A. Pneumothorax, severe hypoxemia, and respiratory arrest.
- B. Hypertension, CVA, and cardiac arrest.
- C. Respiratory alkalosis, pneumonia, and death.
- D. Lung abscess, cor pulmonale, and respiratory failure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because status asthmaticus can lead to pneumothorax due to increased air trapping, severe hypoxemia from impaired gas exchange, and respiratory arrest from respiratory muscle fatigue. Pneumothorax can occur due to increased intrathoracic pressure during an asthma attack. Hypertension, CVA, and cardiac arrest (choice B) are not typical complications of status asthmaticus. Respiratory alkalosis, pneumonia, and death (choice C) are less likely outcomes compared to the severe complications mentioned in choice A. Lung abscess, cor pulmonale, and respiratory failure (choice D) are not directly associated with the pathophysiology of status asthmaticus.
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The patient with sleep apnea is fitted with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask and asks the nurse how this device will help. How should the nurse respond?
- A. The device delivers constant positive pressure to keep your airway open.
- B. The device will require you to be intubated to open your airway.
- C. The device delivers oxygen only when you are apneic.
- D. The device delivers negative pressure to stimulate your respirations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a CPAP mask delivers a constant positive pressure to keep the airway open during sleep, preventing airway collapse and interruptions in breathing. This helps improve oxygenation and reduce the frequency of apnea episodes. Choice B is incorrect as intubation is not required with CPAP. Choice C is incorrect as CPAP does not deliver oxygen, it only provides pressurized air. Choice D is incorrect as CPAP delivers positive pressure, not negative pressure, to support breathing.
A nurse caring for a client removes the client's oxygen as prescribed. The client is now breathing what percentage of oxygen in the room air?
- A. 14%
- B. 21%
- C. 28%
- D. 31%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (21%). Room air contains approximately 21% oxygen. By removing the supplemental oxygen, the client is now breathing the oxygen content present in the surrounding air. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the standard oxygen concentration in room air. Oxygen concentration in room air is typically around 21%, making choice B the most accurate option.
A hospital nurse is participating in a drill during which many "clients" with inhalation anthrax are being admitted. The nurse would anticipate administering the following EXCEPT?
- A. Vancomycin
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Doxycycline
- D. Ethambutol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ethambutol. Ethambutol is not used in the treatment of inhalation anthrax. The treatment of choice for inhalation anthrax is a combination of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and sometimes vancomycin. Ethambutol is primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis, not anthrax. It is important for the nurse to be knowledgeable about the appropriate medications for specific conditions to provide effective care.
Expiration involves
- A. Relaxation of diaphragm and intercostals muscles
- B. Contraction of diaphragm and intercostals muscles
- C. Contraction of diaphragm muscles
- D. Contraction of inter costal muscles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because expiration involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. During expiration, the diaphragm moves up and the intercostal muscles relax, causing the thoracic cavity to decrease in volume. This increase in pressure forces air out of the lungs. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the process of inspiration, not expiration. Choice C is incorrect because expiration involves both the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, not just the diaphragm muscles. Choice D is incorrect as the intercostal muscles also relax during expiration, rather than contracting.
The organ of the respiratory system that closes when food is being swallowed is the:
- A. nose
- B. pharynx
- C. larynx
- D. trachea
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: larynx. The larynx houses the vocal cords and serves as a passageway for air between the pharynx and trachea. During swallowing, the larynx closes to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway, directing them towards the esophagus instead. The nose (A) is not directly involved in swallowing. The pharynx (B) is a shared pathway for both air and food, but it does not actively close during swallowing. The trachea (D) is responsible for transporting air to and from the lungs and does not play a role in swallowing.