Nokea
The nurse expects to note an elevated serum glucose level in a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome (HHNS). Which other laboratory finding should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Elevated serum acetone level
- B. Serum alkalosis
- C. Serum ketone bodies
- D. Below-normal serum potassium level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome (HHNS) is characterized by extremely elevated blood glucose levels without significant ketosis. Unlike diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), patients with HHNS usually do not have high levels of ketone bodies in their blood or urine. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate below-normal serum potassium levels in a client with HHNS, as hyperglycemia can lead to profound potassium losses through osmotic diuresis. Monitoring and treating electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia, are crucial in managing HHNS. It is important to correct these imbalances promptly to prevent further complications.
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What is an early clinical manifestation of bilirubin encephalopathy in the newborn?
- A. Cognitive impairment
- B. Absence of stooling
- C. Lethargy or irritability
- D. Increased or decreased temperature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An early clinical manifestation of bilirubin encephalopathy in a newborn is lethargy or irritability. Bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as kernicterus, is a serious condition that occurs when high levels of unconjugated bilirubin build up in the brain tissues. Initially, the baby may become lethargic or irritable due to the toxic effects of bilirubin on the central nervous system. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include poor feeding, high-pitched crying, muscle tone abnormalities, and eventually may lead to more severe consequences such as seizures and irreversible neurological damage. Prompt recognition and treatment of bilirubin encephalopathy are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
If Mr. Franco's Right side is weak, What should be the most accurate analysis by the nurse?
- A. Expressive aphasia is prominent on clients with right sided weakness
- B. The affected lobe in the patient is the Right lobe
- C. The client will have problems in judging distance and proprioception
- D. Clients orientation to time and space will be much affected NEUROLOGIC NURSING Situation: A computer analyst, Mr. Ricardo J. Santos, 25 was brought to the hospital for diagnostic workup after he had experienced seizure in his office.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a client presents with right-sided weakness, it indicates that the underlying issue is likely located in the left hemisphere of the brain. This is due to the contralateral organization of the brain where the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, and vice versa. Therefore, in Mr. Franco's case, the right-sided weakness suggests the affected lobe is the left lobe of his brain, not the right lobe as stated in option B.
Persons with up to 70% prevalence of peculiar facial anatomy are considered risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea EXCEPT
- A. hypotonia
- B. developmental delay
- C. central adiposity
- D. hypothyroidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is not a typical risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea.
The effectiveness of Levodopa can be reduced when taking:
- A. Pyridoxine
- B. Bromocriptine
- C. Amantadine
- D. Amantadine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct choice is Pyridoxine. Levodopa is a precursor to dopamine and is commonly used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, has been shown to reduce the effectiveness of Levodopa by accelerating its conversion to dopamine in the bloodstream before it reaches the brain. This reduces the amount of Levodopa available to provide therapeutic benefit in Parkinson's disease. It is important for patients taking Levodopa to be cautious about taking vitamin B6 supplements to avoid diminishing the efficacy of their medication.
Gender identity disorder (GID) is characterized by intense and persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one’s own sex. In early school-age children, the manifestation that is LEAST likely considered as GID is
- A. dressing as a member of the opposite sex (i.e., cross dressing)
- B. strong belief that one is the opposite sex
- C. exclusive preference for cross sex roles
- D. playing with toys designed for the opposite sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Playing with toys designed for the opposite sex does not necessarily indicate GID, as it is a common exploratory behavior in childhood.