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The nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis of fatigue for a patient who is hypothyroid. What should the nurse do while caring for this patient?
- A. Monitor for changes in orientation, cognition, and behavior.
- B. Monitor for vital signs and cardiac rhythm response to activity.
- C. Monitor bowel movement frequency, consistency, shape, volume, and color.
- D. Assist in developing well-balanced meal plans consistent with level of energy expenditure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypothyroid patients often experience fatigue due to a slowed metabolic rate, so it's essential to monitor vital signs and cardiac response to physical activity to assess for complications.
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T3, T4, and calcitonin are:
- A. secreted by the thyroid gland.
- B. secreted by the parathyroid glands.
- C. secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium.
- D. steroids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. T3, T4, and calcitonin are hormones secreted by the thyroid gland.
2. Thyroid gland is responsible for producing and releasing these hormones.
3. T3 and T4 regulate metabolism, while calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels.
4. Parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, not T3, T4, or calcitonin.
5. These hormones are not secreted in response to declining plasma levels of calcium.
6. T3, T4, and calcitonin are not steroids, they are peptide hormones.
Therefore, the correct answer is A.
Propranolol produces all of the following actions EXCEPT:
- A. Negative inotropic effect
- B. Negative chronotropic effect
- C. Slowing of A-V conduction
- D. Bronchodilation in asthmatic patients
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker which primarily affects the heart. Bronchodilation is not a common effect of propranolol due to its non-selectivity for beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are correct because propranolol typically causes negative inotropic effect (reduced force of heart contraction), negative chronotropic effect (slowing of heart rate), and slowing of A-V conduction (delay in electrical signal between atria and ventricles), respectively.
What is the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism?
- A. Thyroidectomy
- B. Administration of a radioactive cocktail of 131I (radioactive iodine)
- C. Replacement dose of thyroid hormones
- D. Replacement dose of calcitonin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Replacement dose of thyroid hormones. In newly diagnosed cretinism, there is a deficiency of thyroid hormones, leading to developmental delays and other health issues. Administering replacement thyroid hormones is crucial to normalize hormone levels and support proper growth and development. Thyroidectomy (choice A) is not necessary in this case as the goal is to supplement the missing hormones. Option B, the administration of radioactive iodine cocktail, is used to treat hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Choice D, replacement dose of calcitonin, is not relevant as calcitonin is involved in calcium regulation, not thyroid hormone production. Thus, the most critical need for the child with newly diagnosed cretinism is the replacement dose of thyroid hormones to address the underlying hormonal deficiency.
All of the following are effects of chronic tobacco smoking EXCEPT:
- A. Peripheral vascular disease
- B. Cardiac arrhythmias
- C. Hypotension
- D. Increased gastric secretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypotension. Chronic tobacco smoking typically causes vasoconstriction, leading to increased blood pressure rather than hypotension. Peripheral vascular disease (A), cardiac arrhythmias (B), and increased gastric secretion (D) are common effects of chronic tobacco smoking due to the harmful impact on blood vessels, heart function, and gastrointestinal system.
ADH ________.
- A. increases urine production
- B. promotes dehydration
- C. is produced in the adenohypophysis
- D. is inhibited by alcohol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because alcohol inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. ADH helps regulate water balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output. Alcohol impairs this process, leading to increased urine production and dehydration. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because ADH decreases urine production, prevents dehydration, and is produced in the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), not the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary).