Nokea
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes who developed hypoglycemia. What can the nurse administer to the client to raise the blood sugar level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisone
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon, secreted by pancreatic alpha cells, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis in the liver. Insulin lowers blood sugar, while cortisone and estrogen do not directly affect blood glucose levels.
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A client has a dysfunction in one of his glands that is causing a decrease in the level of calcium in the blood. The nurse knows which gland should be evaluated for dysfunction?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Parathyroid gland
- C. Thymus gland
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The parathyroid glands secrete parathormone, which increases blood calcium levels when serum calcium decreases. The thyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands do not primarily regulate calcium levels.
A client is scheduled to have a test to determine thyroid function. What should the nurse ask the client prior to scheduling the testing?
- A. If the client has had a diagnostic test that used iodine within the last 3 months
- B. If the client is able to pay for the testing or has insurance coverage
- C. If the client is drinking adequate amounts of fluid daily
- D. If the client is taking birth control pills
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should ask about recent diagnostic tests using iodine, as these can interfere with thyroid function tests. Payment ability, fluid intake, and birth control pills are not relevant to thyroid testing accuracy.
What does the nurse understand will be released to maintain a relatively constant level of blood sugar in a client with normal function of the pancreas?
- A. Cortisol
- B. Glucagon
- C. Insulin
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Somatostatin, secreted by pancreatic delta cells, inhibits the release of insulin and glucagon, helping maintain stable blood sugar levels. Cortisol, glucagon, and insulin have more direct roles in raising or lowering blood sugar.
The nurse should inform the client that oxytocin's function in the body is to do what?
- A. It causes production and secretion of thyroid hormones.
- B. It increases blood calcium by stimulating calcium release from the bone and decreases the blood phosphate level.
- C. It stimulates bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis and fat mobilization.
- D. It stimulates the contraction of the pregnant uterus before birth and stimulates the release of breast milk after childbirth.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxytocin, secreted by the posterior pituitary, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and breast milk release postpartum. The other options describe functions of thyroid-stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, and somatotropin, respectively.
A client has a decreased level of thyroid hormone being excreted. What will the feedback loop do to maintain the level of thyroid hormone required to remain homeostatic stability?
- A. Stimulate more hormones using the negative feedback system
- B. Stimulate more hormones using the positive feedback system
- C. Produce a new hormone to regulate the thyroid function
- D. Be unable to perform in response to low levels of thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most hormones, including thyroid hormones, are regulated by negative feedback, where a decrease in hormone levels stimulates the releasing gland (e.g., the pituitary) to secrete more thyroid-stimulating hormone to restore homeostasis.