Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient that has seizure disorder. The nurse notes that the patient has reddened gums that bleed when oral care is given. The nurse recognizes this finding as:
- A. A sign of poor self-care.
- B. A drug interaction with aspirin.
- C. An adverse effect of the phenytoin.
- D. A symptom of hepatotoxicity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: An adverse effect of phenytoin. Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug known to cause gingival hyperplasia, leading to reddened and bleeding gums. This is a common side effect of phenytoin due to its effect on gingival tissues. Poor self-care (choice A) may contribute to gingival issues, but in this case, the patient's gums are affected by a medication side effect. There is no indication in the question of aspirin use (choice B) or hepatotoxicity (choice D) causing the gum issues. Therefore, the most likely explanation is the adverse effect of phenytoin.
You may also like to solve these questions
An elderly Native American woman has tested positive for TB. What is another name for this condition?
- A. COPD.
- B. Bronchiectasis.
- C. Emphysema.
- D. Consumption.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Consumption. Consumption is an outdated term for tuberculosis (TB) that was commonly used in the past. The term originated from the belief that the disease consumed the body. COPD (Choice A), Bronchiectasis (Choice B), and Emphysema (Choice C) are all respiratory conditions, but they are not alternative names for TB. TB is specifically caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, differentiating it from these other conditions. Therefore, the most appropriate and historically accurate alternative name for TB is Consumption.
A patient has been taking Sertraline (Zoloft) 20mg/ml oral concentrate 1ml daily for several weeks and reports being unable to sleep well. What will the nurse do next?
- A. Ask the patient what time of day the medication is taken.
- B. Recommend asking the provider about weekly dosage.
- C. Counsel the patient to take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Suggest that the patient request a lower dose.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ask the patient what time of day the medication is taken. This is because insomnia can be a common side effect of sertraline, and taking it at a different time of day may help alleviate this issue. By understanding the timing of the medication intake, the nurse can assess if adjusting the administration time may improve the patient's sleep. Option B is not directly related to addressing the sleep concern. Option C may help but does not address the timing issue. Option D is premature without assessing the current timing.
What drug would the nurse administer to treat a patient diagnosed with bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Glycopyrrolate.
- B. Ipratropium.
- C. Atropine.
- D. Flavoxate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ipratropium. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that helps relax the muscles in the airways, making it effective in treating bronchospasm in COPD. Glycopyrrolate (A) is also an anticholinergic but not commonly used for bronchospasm. Atropine (C) is not typically used for COPD-related bronchospasm. Flavoxate (D) is a urinary antispasmodic and not indicated for bronchospasm.
The telephone triage nurse receives a call from a patient asking for a prescription for a narcotic to manage his surgical pain. The nurse explains that narcotic prescriptions must be written and cannot be called in to the pharmacy. The patient says, “Why are narcotics so difficult to get a prescription for?†What is the nurse's best response?
- A. The increase in the number of drug addicts has made the rules stricter.
- B. Controlled substances like narcotics are regulated by the FDA and the DEA.
- C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regulates the use of controlled substances to reduce the risk of injury.
- D. The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) determines the risk for addiction, and the Food and Drug Administration enforces this control.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Controlled substances like narcotics are regulated by the FDA and the DEA. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulates the approval, manufacturing, and labeling of prescription medications, including narcotics, to ensure they are safe and effective for use. The DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) enforces regulations surrounding controlled substances to prevent misuse and abuse. This response is the best choice as it directly addresses the regulatory bodies responsible for overseeing the prescription and dispensing of narcotics.
Incorrect Choices:
A: The increase in the number of drug addicts has made the rules stricter. This choice provides a general statement about the rules without addressing the specific regulatory bodies involved in controlling narcotics.
C: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regulates the use of controlled substances to reduce the risk of injury. Although the CDC plays a role in public health, it is not the primary regulatory agency for controlled substances.
D: The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) determines the risk for addiction, and the Food and Drug Administration
A 70-year-old patient has just received a drug that can cause sedation. What would be the priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Deficient Knowledge, unfamiliar with drug therapy.
- B. Ineffective health maintenance, need for medication.
- C. Risk for injury, related to adverse effect of the drug.
- D. Noncompliance, cost of the drug.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk for injury, related to adverse effect of the drug. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because the patient, being 70 years old and receiving a sedating drug, is at an increased risk for falls and other injuries due to sedation. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely for signs of sedation and take appropriate measures to prevent potential harm.
Choice A (Deficient Knowledge) is not the priority as the immediate concern is the risk of injury. Choice B (Ineffective health maintenance) focuses on the need for medication, not the potential risk of injury. Choice D (Noncompliance) is not relevant in this situation as it pertains to the cost of the drug, not the immediate safety of the patient.