Core Concepts of Family Centered Care

Core Concepts of Family Centered Care Related

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The nurse is providing care to a patient who has had diagnostic testing for HIV. Which test should the nurse review to monitor the response to antiretroviral therapy?

  • A. Western blot
  • B. Viral load testing
  • C. P24 antigen testing
  • D. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Viral load testing. This test measures the amount of HIV RNA in the blood, reflecting the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in suppressing viral replication. Monitoring viral load helps assess treatment response and determine if adjustments are needed.

A: Western blot is used for confirming HIV infection, not for monitoring treatment response.
C: P24 antigen testing detects a protein associated with HIV infection but is not as sensitive as viral load testing for monitoring therapy.
D: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for initial HIV screening, not for monitoring treatment response.

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Which of the following health care system barriers can affect a patient's adherence?

  • A. Treatment of asymptomatic disease
  • B. Inadequate follow-up or discharge planning
  • C. Forgetfulness
  • D. Inadequate health insurance
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Inadequate follow-up or discharge planning disrupts continuity of care, a systemic barrier to adherence.

Sensory processing disorder (SPD) was likened by its founder (A. Jean Ayres) to a 'neurological traffic jam':

  • A. Multiple
  • B. Sensory
  • C. Adaptive
  • D. Communication
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: SPD, per Ayres, is a sensory issue, akin to a neurological traffic jam.

Which of the following lifestyle changes is most likely to decrease a patient's risk of coronary heart disease?

  • A. Switching from 2% milk to 1% low-fat milk
  • B. Exercising on a daily basis
  • C. Taking a multivitamin supplement
  • D. Cutting back on work schedule
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Daily exercise significantly reduces coronary heart disease risk.

Which of the following personnel do has the “right to know” medical information?

  • A. The facility's Performance Improvement Director who is not a healthcare person and who has no direct contact with clients
  • B. A nursing student who is caring for a client under the supervision of the nursing instructor
  • C. The facility's Safety Officer who is not a healthcare person and who has no direct contact with clients
  • D. A department supervisor with no direct or indirect care duties
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Personnel without direct client contact generally do not have the 'right to know'.

A patient asks, 'What is the main purpose of these medications I take for my HIV?' Which response should the nurse make?

  • A. They encapsulate the virus-infected cells.'
  • B. They mark the virus for natural killer cells to destroy.'
  • C. They attract macrophages to the cells making the virus.'
  • D. They inhibit enzymes to interfere with viral production.'
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because antiretroviral medications used for HIV treatment work by inhibiting enzymes essential for viral replication, thus interfering with viral production. This prevents the virus from multiplying and spreading in the body. Option A is incorrect as medications do not encapsulate virus-infected cells. Option B is incorrect as the medications do not mark the virus for natural killer cells. Option C is incorrect as medications do not attract macrophages to the cells.

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