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The nurse is providing instructions to a nursing assistant regarding care of an older client with hearing loss. The nurse tells the assistant that clients with a hearing loss:
- A. Respond to low pitched tones.
- B. Have difficulty hearing any frequency of sound.
- C. Need assistance with lip-reading only.
- D. Respond to high-pitched tones more clearly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because clients with hearing loss typically have difficulty hearing high-pitched tones, making it easier for them to respond to low-pitched tones. Low-pitched tones are easier for individuals with hearing loss to perceive due to the nature of hearing loss affecting the ability to hear higher frequencies. Choice B is incorrect as it is a generalization that does not consider the specific nature of hearing loss. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with hearing loss may require various forms of assistance beyond just lip-reading. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with hearing loss generally struggle more with high-pitched tones.
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How does sarcopenia impact functional independence in older adults?
- A. It leads to increased body fat and reduced muscle mass, hindering mobility.
- B. It results in diminished lung capacity, reducing the ability to perform daily activities.
- C. It causes joint stiffness, leading to pain and limited range of motion.
- D. It significantly affects balance and mobility, increasing the risk of falls.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, directly impacts balance and mobility in older adults. Muscle weakness from sarcopenia reduces stability and coordination, increasing the risk of falls. This affects functional independence as it limits the ability to perform daily activities safely. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as sarcopenia primarily affects muscle mass and strength, not body fat, lung capacity, or joint stiffness.
A paper on culture and illness would likely include the statement that
- A. Culture is the same as ethnicity.
- B. Ethnic groups always share common geographic origin and religion.
- C. Ethnicity involves recognized traditions, symbols, and literature.
- D. Most members of an ethnic group exhibit identical cultural traits.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because ethnicity involves recognized traditions, symbols, and literature. This statement aligns with the topic of culture and illness, as ethnicity plays a significant role in shaping cultural beliefs and practices related to health and illness. It highlights the importance of cultural elements in understanding how different ethnic groups perceive and address health issues.
A: Culture is not the same as ethnicity; culture encompasses a broader range of beliefs and practices.
B: This choice is incorrect as ethnic groups can have diverse origins and religions.
D: Most members of an ethnic group do not exhibit identical cultural traits as cultural diversity exists within ethnic groups.
The nurse is teaching an older client about measures to prevent constipation. What statement made by the client indicates further teaching is needed?
- A. "I'll walk 1-2 miles everyday"
- B. "I need to decrease fiber in my diet"
- C. "I have a bowel movement everyday"
- D. "I drink 6-8 glasses of water everyday"
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because decreasing fiber in the diet can actually worsen constipation. Fiber helps promote regular bowel movements by adding bulk to the stool. Walking and staying hydrated (choices A and D) are effective strategies to prevent constipation. Having a daily bowel movement (choice C) is a positive sign of bowel health. By choosing to decrease fiber intake, the client may inadvertently reduce the effectiveness of their bowel movements, leading to constipation.
How does loneliness affect older adults' health?
- A. It has no significant impact on health
- B. It can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression
- C. It improves immune function
- D. It only affects mental health, not physical health
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loneliness in older adults can lead to increased stress, inflammation, and unhealthy behaviors, all of which can elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Social isolation can also impact mental health. Choice A is incorrect as loneliness does impact health. Choice C is incorrect as loneliness typically weakens immune function. Choice D is incorrect as loneliness affects both mental and physical health.
Which statements are true about aging and the brain?
- A. Most areas of the brain do not lose brain cells.
- B. Memory decline is inevitable as people age.
- C. Basic intelligence remains unchanged with age.
- D. The brain does not continue to make new brain cells.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because most areas of the brain do not lose brain cells with age due to a process called neuroplasticity. This means that the brain can adapt and reorganize itself by forming new connections between existing brain cells. Memory decline is not inevitable (B) as cognitive decline varies among individuals and can be influenced by factors like lifestyle and genetics. Basic intelligence can change with age (C) due to various factors such as experience and education. The brain does continue to make new brain cells through a process called neurogenesis, making choice D incorrect.