Nokea
A patient presents with a unilateral, painless enlargement of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology reveals numerous microfollicles and psammoma bodies. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Thyroglossal duct cyst
- B. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
- C. Thyroid adenoma
- D. Papillary thyroid carcinoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer and is known for presenting as a painless unilateral enlargement of the thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology typically reveals classic features such as numerous microfollicles and psammoma bodies. Thyroglossal duct cyst, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid adenoma would not typically present with these cytological features or with painless thyroid enlargement as seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
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Which of the following is a qualitative research design where lived experiences of individuals are examined in their "life-world"?
- A. Ethnography
- B. Phenomenology
- C. Ethology
- D. Grounded theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenomenology is a qualitative research design that focuses on exploring and understanding the lived experiences of individuals within their "life-worlds." It seeks to uncover the essence of a phenomenon as it is experienced subjectively by individuals, aiming to understand the underlying meanings and perspectives through in-depth interviews, observations, and reflections. In phenomenology, researchers aim to set aside their own biases and preconceptions to capture the essence of the participants' experiences as they see them. This approach allows researchers to gain insight into how individuals make sense of and interpret their world, providing rich and detailed accounts of unique human experiences.
A patient presents with flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen. Imaging reveals a solid renal mass with calcifications. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
- A. Renal cell carcinoma
- B. Renal cyst
- C. Pyelonephritis
- D. Renal abscess
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable mass in the abdomen is characteristic of renal cell carcinoma. Renal cell carcinoma is a common type of kidney cancer that often presents with these symptoms. The presence of a solid renal mass with calcifications on imaging further supports this diagnosis, as renal cell carcinoma is known to have this appearance on imaging studies. It is important to promptly evaluate and manage patients with suspected renal cell carcinoma to optimize outcomes.
Which of the following is a common complication associated with prostatectomy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
- A. Erectile dysfunction
- B. Urinary incontinence
- C. Retrograde ejaculation
- D. Urethral stricture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinary incontinence is a common complication associated with prostatectomy for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate surgery, such as a prostatectomy, can disrupt the sphincter muscle that controls the flow of urine from the bladder, leading to temporary or even long-term urinary incontinence in some patients. This usually improves over time with pelvic floor exercises and other treatment options, but it is an important consideration when discussing the potential risks and benefits of prostate surgery with patients. While erectile dysfunction and retrograde ejaculation can also be potential side effects of prostate surgery, urinary incontinence is specifically associated with issues related to bladder control following the procedure. Urethral stricture, although it can occur post prostate surgery, is less common compared to urinary incontinence.
In assigning rooms for the injured patients, the nurses should coordinate with the Administration. Which of the following is the CORRECT room assignment?
- A. Insurance company should be followed according to premiums paid by the transport operator.
- B. Mother should be separated from each other for case classification.
- C. Mother and child should be together in one room.
- D. Transport operator should designate the rooms according to social status of patients.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In assigning rooms for the injured patients, the most appropriate and compassionate choice is to have mother and child together in one room. This decision prioritizes the well-being and emotional support for the child, as having the mother nearby can have a positive impact on the child's recovery. It also promotes family bonding during a difficult time, which can aid in the healing process. Additionally, the presence of a parent can provide comfort and reassurance to the child, contributing to a more positive hospital experience. Therefore, it is important for the nurses to coordinate with the Administration to ensure that mother and child are assigned to the same room whenever possible.
A patient with terminal illness expresses a desire to spend quality time with their family but feels guilty for being a burden. How should the palliative nurse respond?
- A. Dismiss the patient's feelings and reassure them that they are not a burden.
- B. Encourage the patient to focus on their own needs rather than worrying about others.
- C. Validate the patient's feelings of guilt and offer support to address their concerns.
- D. Suggest involving family members in caregiving tasks to alleviate the patient's guilt.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this situation, the most appropriate response for the palliative nurse is to validate the patient's feelings of guilt and offer support to address their concerns. It is important to acknowledge the patient's emotions and help them navigate through their guilt in a compassionate and understanding manner. By validating their feelings, the nurse can create a safe space for the patient to express their concerns and work towards finding solutions to alleviate their guilt. This approach fosters trust and a therapeutic relationship between the patient and the nurse, ultimately promoting emotional well-being and facilitating open communication.