Endocrine System Practice Questions

Endocrine System Practice Questions Related

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The only endocrine glands that lay dormant during childhood to activate at puberty are the:

  • A. pancreas
  • B. adrenal glands
  • C. thyroid gland
  • D. ovaries and testes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the ovaries and testes are the only endocrine glands that are dormant during childhood and activate at puberty to produce sex hormones. The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone in females, while the testes produce testosterone in males. This activation is essential for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive functions.

Pancreas (choice A), adrenal glands (choice B), and thyroid gland (choice C) are all active during childhood and do not specifically activate at puberty. The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels, the adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol, and the thyroid gland regulates metabolism. Hence, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of endocrine glands that lay dormant during childhood to activate at puberty.

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Which is WRONG about dopamine:

  • A. Is effective orally
  • B. Metabolized by MAO and COMT mainly
  • C. Excreted in urine as vanillylmandelic acid
  • D. Stimulates α, β1, and D receptors
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because dopamine is not effective orally due to its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Dopamine is mainly metabolized by MAO and COMT enzymes (B). It is primarily excreted in the urine as homovanillic acid, not vanillylmandelic acid (C). Dopamine stimulates dopamine receptors (D), not α, β1, and D receptors.

Which of the following is a direct-acting parasympathomimetic that readily passes the blood-brain barrier and is commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma:

  • A. Pilocarpine
  • B. Carbachol
  • C. Methacholine
  • D. Bethanechol
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pilocarpine. Pilocarpine is a direct-acting parasympathomimetic that readily passes the blood-brain barrier due to its small molecular size. It is commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma by constricting the pupil and increasing the outflow of aqueous humor. Carbachol and Bethanechol are also parasympathomimetics, but they do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Methacholine is a muscarinic receptor agonist, not commonly used in the treatment of glaucoma. Therefore, the most suitable choice that meets the criteria provided in the question is pilocarpine.

When the patient with parathyroid disease experiences symptoms of hypocalcemia, what is a measure that can be used to temporarily raise serum calcium levels?

  • A. Administer IV normal saline.
  • B. Administer furosemide (Lasix) as ordered.
  • C. Have patient rebreathe in a paper bag.
  • D. Administer oral phosphorus supplements.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IV normal saline is often used in hypocalcemia to increase serum calcium levels by improving renal calcium reabsorption.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testes to produce sperm and stimulates the development of the follicle in the female on a monthly cycle is:

  • A. growth hormone
  • B. luteinizing hormone
  • C. prolactin
  • D. follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in both male and female reproductive systems. In males, FSH stimulates the testes to produce sperm. In females, FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles, which contain eggs. This hormone is essential for the process of ovulation and the menstrual cycle.

A: Growth hormone is not directly involved in the reproductive system but rather promotes overall growth and development.
B: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for ovulation and the production of testosterone in males. It does not directly stimulate sperm production or follicle development.
C: Prolactin is primarily involved in milk production and has no direct role in sperm production or follicle development.

Miss White, a known diabetic, is experiencing headache, weakness, irritability, lack of muscular coordination, and apprehension. The nurse realizes that these are early symptoms of

  • A. diabetic ketoacidosis
  • B. hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK)
  • C. microangiopathy
  • D. hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: These are all early symptoms of hypoglycemia, which occurs when blood sugar drops too low.

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