Endocrine System Practice Questions

Endocrine System Practice Questions Related

Review Endocrine System Practice Questions related questions and content

Which division of the nervous system sends signals to the adrenal glands during moments of danger?

  • A. Central nervous system
  • B. Sympathetic division
  • C. Parasympathetic division
  • D. Peripheral nervous system
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sympathetic division. This division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight or flight" response during moments of danger. When an individual perceives a threat, the sympathetic division activates to prepare the body for action, including sending signals to the adrenal glands to release adrenaline and cortisol, which help increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels. The other choices are incorrect because:

A: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information within the body, but it does not directly send signals to the adrenal glands.

C: The parasympathetic division is responsible for the body's "rest and digest" functions and works in opposition to the sympathetic division. It does not send signals to the adrenal glands during moments of danger.

D: The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, including sensory and motor nerves, but it does not specifically send signals

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Which statement about the adrenal medulla hormones is accurate?

  • A. Overproduction of androgens may cause masculinization in women.
  • B. Both the adrenal medulla and the thyroid gland have a negative feedback system to the hypothalamus.
  • C. Cortisol levels would be altered in a person who normally works a night shift from 11:00 pm to 7:00 am and sleeps from 8:00 am to 3:00 pm.
  • D. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are considered hormones when they are secreted by the adrenal medulla and neurotransmitters when they are secreted by nerve cells
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Epinephrine and norepinephrine are classified as hormones when secreted by the adrenal medulla and as neurotransmitters when released by nerve cells.

Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones?

  • A. catalyze cyclic AMP
  • B. diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells
  • C. enter the nucleus
  • D. activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, allowing them to easily diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells. Once inside the cell, they bind to intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. Choice A is incorrect because steroid hormones do not catalyze cyclic AMP; that is a function of peptide hormones. Choice C is incorrect because steroid hormones do not enter the nucleus directly but bind to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm. Choice D is incorrect because while steroid hormones do activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis, the initial step involves binding to receptors in the cytoplasm, not directly activating gene transcription.

Which statement about catalysts is correct?

  • A. They decrease the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are unchanged at the end of the reaction.
  • B. They decrease the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are used up in the reaction.
  • C. They increase the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are unchanged at the end of the reaction.
  • D. They increase the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are used up in the reaction.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Catalysts decrease the activation energy required for a reaction, speeding up the reaction without being consumed in the process. They provide an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed, facilitating the reaction without being altered themselves. This is why they are unchanged at the end of the reaction. Choice B is incorrect because catalysts are not used up in the reaction. Choices C and D are also incorrect as catalysts do not increase the time taken for a reaction to finish nor are they consumed in the reaction.

Which is WRONG about dopamine:

  • A. Is effective orally
  • B. Metabolized by MAO and COMT mainly
  • C. Excreted in urine as vanillylmandelic acid
  • D. Stimulates α, β1, and D receptors
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because dopamine is not effective orally due to its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Dopamine is mainly metabolized by MAO and COMT enzymes (B). It is primarily excreted in the urine as homovanillic acid, not vanillylmandelic acid (C). Dopamine stimulates dopamine receptors (D), not α, β1, and D receptors.

What is the total cost of using the heater for 15 minutes?

  • A. $0.04
  • B. $0.15
  • C. $2.40
  • D. $9.00
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the total cost of using the heater for 15 minutes, we need to consider the cost per minute. If the cost is $0.01 per minute, then for 15 minutes, it would be 15 * $0.01 = $0.15. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Option A ($0.04) is incorrect because it is too low for 15 minutes of usage. Option C ($2.40) and Option D ($9.00) are incorrect because they are too high for the given time frame.

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