Lymphatic Immune System Quizlet

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The patient with osteoporosis calls the nurse in the doctor's office to report that she should have taken but has forgotten to take her weekly bisphosphonate (alendronate [Fosamax]) that was due 2 days ago. How should the nurse advise the patient?

  • A. "Take the dose now with 8 ounces of water."
  • B. "Take two doses 3 days apart."
  • C. "Skip this week and pick up the schedule next week."
  • D. "Take two tablets now with a snack."
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Skip this week and pick up the schedule next week." Bisphosphonates like alendronate should be taken as directed, typically once weekly. It is important to maintain consistency in dosing to maximize effectiveness and minimize potential side effects. Taking a double dose or taking it late can increase the risk of side effects like gastrointestinal irritation or esophageal damage. Skipping a dose and resuming the schedule next week helps maintain the proper dosing interval. Options A and D suggest taking extra doses, which can be harmful. Option B of taking two doses 3 days apart is also incorrect as it deviates from the prescribed weekly schedule.

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Which of the following complement components mediate inflammation?

  • A. C3b
  • B. C3a, C4a, and C5a
  • C. C5b
  • D. C1q
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (C3a, C4a, and C5a) because these complement components are known as anaphylatoxins that mediate inflammation by inducing vasodilation, increasing vascular permeability, and recruiting immune cells. C3b (choice A) is involved in opsonization, not inflammation. C5b (choice C) is part of the membrane attack complex for cell lysis. C1q (choice D) initiates the classical complement pathway, but it does not directly mediate inflammation.

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has a negative tuberculosis (TB) skin test. Which nursing action is indicated next?

  • A. Obtain a chest x-ray and sputum smear.
  • B. No further action is needed after the negative skin test.
  • C. Teach about the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid (INH).
  • D. Schedule TB testing again in 6 months.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A negative TB skin test in an immunocompromised patient such as one with AIDS does not rule out TB infection. Further diagnostic testing such as a chest x-ray and sputum smear is necessary to confirm the absence of TB. Teaching about INH or scheduling another test is premature without further diagnostic confirmation.

Anemia

  • A. cancer of white blood cells
  • B. results in extra leukocytes that do not function properly
  • C. is usually fatal unless treated
  • D. Abnormally low amounts of hemoglobin or red blood cells
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because anemia is defined as having abnormally low amounts of hemoglobin or red blood cells, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. This results in symptoms such as fatigue and weakness. Choice A is incorrect because anemia is not related to cancer of white blood cells. Choice B is incorrect as anemia does not result in extra leukocytes; rather, it leads to a decrease in red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as anemia is not usually fatal if treated promptly and effectively.

Secondary lymphoid tissues are where:

  • A. Lymphocyte precursors become mature
  • B. Inflammation occurs during re-infection with a given pathogen
  • C. Lymphocytes become activated by antigen
  • D. Gene rearrangement takes place
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because secondary lymphoid tissues, like lymph nodes and spleen, are where lymphocytes encounter antigens and become activated. This process leads to the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes, enabling them to mount an immune response against specific pathogens. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because A pertains to primary lymphoid tissues, B describes a localized immune response, and D refers to the process of gene rearrangement that occurs in the primary lymphoid tissues during lymphocyte development.

Many clients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) report severe,ongoing fatigue without any explanation that has lasted for at least — months.

  • A. 12
  • B. 6
  • C. 3
  • D. 2
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by severe unexplained fatigue lasting for at least six months.

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