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The statement, "Nursing is a caring profession that focuses on helping people be as healthy as possible," is an example of a:
- A. concept.
- B. construct.
- C. philosophy.
- D. model.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: philosophy. This statement reflects the fundamental beliefs and values that guide the practice of nursing. It outlines the core principles of nursing, emphasizing caring and promoting health. A concept (A) refers to a general idea or notion. A construct (B) is an abstract idea or theory. A model (D) is a representation or framework used to explain a phenomenon. In this case, the statement is more aligned with a philosophy as it encapsulates the overarching principles and purpose of nursing practice.
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A nurse is charged with battery after helping an invalid patient back to bed and not calling for help due to a reduced staffing level. The patient sustained excessive bruising, sore joints, and extended stay. In this case, the:
- A. patient is the plaintiff.
- B. nurse can be charged with forcefully restraining the patient without orders.
- C. nurse is accountable due to the decreased level of staffing.
- D. charge of invasion of privacy may be withheld.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the nurse is accountable due to the decreased level of staffing. The nurse's decision not to call for help despite knowing the reduced staffing level directly contributed to the patient's injuries. The nurse had a duty of care to ensure the patient's safety, and failing to do so resulted in harm to the patient. The nurse's actions were negligent and breached the standard of care expected in this situation.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the focus of the question is on the nurse's accountability for the patient's injuries due to staffing levels, not on the patient being the plaintiff, forcefully restraining the patient without orders, or invasion of privacy. These options are not directly related to the nurse's negligence in failing to provide proper care to the patient.
A nurse practicing in the early 1900s was awarded a permissive license. These licenses:
- A. were voluntary; however, a nurse who failed the examination could not use the title RN.
- B. required a maximum of 1 year of formalized nurse training.
- C. allowed nurses who did not pass the licensure examination to still practice.
- D. allowed nurses the choice of taking a written or oral licensure examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because permissive licenses in the early 1900s were voluntary but required passing an examination to use the title RN. This ensured a basic level of competency. Choice B is incorrect as there was no specific requirement for the duration of formalized nurse training. Choice C is incorrect as failing the examination would disqualify nurses from practice. Choice D is incorrect as there was typically only one type of licensure examination, not a choice between written or oral.
A client who is reading a newspaper asks, "This article about health care states that many providers of health care lack effectiveness. What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency?" The nurse explains that:
- A. effective means performing the correct test or intervention whereas efficiency refers to the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
- B. effective refers to competence in clinical practice and efficiency describes quick completion of the task.
- C. efficiency means wasting and meeting a minimum standard and effectiveness refers to taking all the time needed to exceed expectations.
- D. efficiency refers to speed and effectiveness refers to the usefulness of the implementation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Define effectiveness and efficiency - Effectiveness is achieving the intended outcome, while efficiency is achieving the outcome with minimal waste.
Step 2: Analyze option A - It correctly defines effectiveness as performing the correct test or intervention and efficiency as the wise use of supplies and resources for the desired outcome.
Step 3: Justification - The nurse explains that many healthcare providers lack effectiveness, indicating they are not achieving the desired outcomes, which aligns with the definition of effectiveness in option A.
Step 4: Summary of incorrect choices - B incorrectly defines efficiency as quick completion of tasks, C confuses efficiency with wastage, and D incorrectly associates efficiency with speed rather than minimal waste.
A new trend in nursing education that is consistent with real-world practice is focused on:
- A. outcomes.
- B. objectives.
- C. goals.
- D. subjective appraisals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: outcomes. Nursing education focused on outcomes aligns with real-world practice by emphasizing measurable results and the impact of nursing interventions on patient care. Objectives (B) are specific steps to achieve outcomes, while goals (C) are broader aims. Subjective appraisals (D) lack the objective, evidence-based focus required in nursing education. Therefore, focusing on outcomes ensures that nursing students are prepared for the demands of real-world practice.
On the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) examination, when the candidate is asked to set goals in collaboration with other members of the health care team, the nurse is being tested in the area of:
- A. assessment.
- B. planning.
- C. analysis.
- D. implementation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: planning. Setting goals in collaboration with other healthcare team members falls under the planning phase of the nursing process. During this phase, nurses work with the healthcare team to establish specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for patient care. This involves identifying priorities, outlining interventions, and determining the expected outcomes. Collaboration with the healthcare team ensures that goals are comprehensive and align with the overall care plan.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Assessment - Assessment involves collecting and analyzing data to identify the patient's needs and problems. Setting goals is not part of the assessment phase.
C: Analysis - Analysis involves interpreting data and identifying patterns or relationships. Setting goals is more focused on planning and identifying interventions.
D: Implementation - Implementation involves carrying out the planned interventions to achieve the established goals. Setting goals precedes the implementation phase.